毛冠鹿B染色体的遗传机制和分子进化研究

The tufted deer is one of our nation-owned second class protective animals.The genetic mechanism and molecular evolution of the polymorphic chromosome (chromosome B) of tufted deer were studied.With the methods of the primary cultivation from wild animals (such as blood sample and a piece of skin ) in vitro ,chromosomal analysis, chromosomal microdissection, PCR, gene cloning, sequencing , and so on.The results are shown as follows: (1)According to the genetic pattern of the reported four kinds of karyotypes of the Tufted deers, theoretically there should be six kinds of karyotypes in their filial generation, while four kinds of which accorded with the reported four kinds of karyotypes.It suggests that the polymorphic chromosome follows the Mendel's genetic law and there should also be one or two kinds of karyotypes in the wild animals. Fortunately we found a new karyotype in six wild animals (2001), which just matches with our theoretical postulation; (2)Discovery of the new karyotype promotes the cognition of the tufted deer's karyotypic diversity, that indicates the Robertsonian translocation of the specific chromosome (fission or fusion) and length change of two chromosomes are involved in the diversity of karyotype. Whether they are sex chromosome still needs to be confirmed by the the chromosome microdissection, SRY gene cloning and sequencing .(3)The environmental factors (ultra-low temperature, chemic mutagen-MNNG et al.) can cause the quantitative change of the chromosome and no obvious effect on the structure, which suggests that the polymorphism should depend on the inner change of genome; (4)With analysis on the sequence of the nuclear DNA gene(SRY) and MtDNA gene (cytochrome b) and the comparison with other muntjac deers(Muntiacus muntjak、Muntiacus reevesi、Muntiacus crinifrons),it proved that the genetic relationship of the tufted deer and those three muntijac deers is close. The five papers have been published so far.One paper was submitted and is being checked and approved .Two degree's thesis (Master) were written..

本研究应用染色体显微切割、PCR、基因克隆、DNA 序列分析、荧光原位杂交（FISH）等技酰票肝夜赜新箍贫锩诼沟?B染色体区域探针，并以此对毛冠鹿的B染色体多态、糯形约坝?A染色体的关系进行探讨，对阐明B 染色体的遗传机制、研究鹿科动物的分子进化有重要的理论意义，对保护动物遗传资源具有重要实际意义。