震后非均匀介质条件下被困人员定位方法技术研究

In recent years natural disasters have happened frequently,and they perform outstanding in the form of geology type all over the word, since 2008， "5.12" Wenchuan 8，Qinghai Yushu 7.1, Yunnan Yingjiang and Dehong Prefecture 5.8 have occurred in China, and they are so destructive that caused huge losses to people's lives and property. With China's rapid economic development, accelerating urbanization, more and more high buildings, after the a great earthquake it will lead to many persons trapped. After the earthquake, rescuing the trapped people is the primary task of earthquake rescue. This project leads to the algorithm of the theory about the transmission speed of sound waves in the non-homogeneous medium and complex environments by studying transmission characteristics .under the non-homogeneous medium ruins and the environmental factors of the ruins after earthquake .Through the introduction of sound acquisition, processing methods and techniques, the sound signals of the trapped people in the ruins transform into ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic waves. Then according to the receive information in the receiving terminal, whether there are survivors under the earthquake ruins. We research a new type of the trapped people's localization algorithm in an uneven medium conditions after the earthquake and know the general location of the survivors quickly, so that we can carry out fast rescue work quickly and effectively.

近年来世界各地自然灾害频发，以地震形式的地质类灾害表现地尤为突出，自2008年以来我国先后发生了 "5.12"汶川8级、青海玉树7.1级、云南德宏盈江县5.8级等破坏性较大的地震。给人民的生命财产造成了巨大的损失。随着我国经济迅速发展，城市化进程加快，高层建筑物越来越多，一旦发生大地震，将会导致许多人员被困其中。震后抢救压埋人员是震灾救援的首要任务。本项目通过震后非均匀介质废墟中传输特性以及震后废墟的环境因素对声波影响的研究，引出了声波在非均匀介质中和震后复杂环境中传输速度的理论算法。再引入声音采集、处理方法技术，将废墟中的被困人员的声音信号转化为超声波和电磁波。然后再根据接收端的接收信息，用来监听地震废墟下是否存在生还者，研究出一种新型的在震后非均匀介质条件下被困人员的定位算法，快速地确定生还者的大致位置，以便能快速、快捷，有效地开展快速救援工作。

本项目的研究思路是利用微型的声音采集设备，大量投掷于震后废墟中，利用电磁波定位技术对分散的声音采集设备进行第一次定位，获得相对于现场布设的设备的相对坐标后，再利用多个声音采集设备构成的阵列对采集到的声音信号的声源进行二次定位，从而得到被压埋人员的二维平面位置信息。主要的研究工作包括：1）废墟下电磁波定位研究分析；主要对1.8 ~ 2.0GHz的电磁波信号的室内及废墟下定位开展研究，通过理论及试验，给出卡尔曼滤波对废墟下电磁波信号的收敛效果较好，提出现场建模思想，采用最小二乘多项式拟合法拟合得到信号传播模型。2）对影响声波传播速度的介质、温度等因素进行分析研究，提出一种利用超声波测距，进行声音采集设备周围废墟环境初步模拟的方案，可简单给出采集设备周围的非均匀介质情况模拟结果，对声源定位有一定帮助；3）开展了基于声音采集设备阵列接收信号时差的单一声源定位方法研究，但在采集设备阵列分布、间距是随机和未知背景下，声源定位方法的研究未取得突破。