功能导向轻质碳吸波材料的结构设计及可控制备

Because of the rapid development of electronics industry and increasingly tense international situation, it becomes urgent to design and fabricate highly effective electromagnetic wave absorbers to resolve the consequential electromagnetic pollution and improve the stealth technique in military fields. Aiming at the high density, limited property, and poor stability of current microwave absorbers, this project puts forward an idea on fabricating lightweight and highly effective aborbers based on pure carbon materials, where complex interior structure should be firstly constructed to produce multiple reflection loss for incident electromagnetic wave, and graphene is then introduced to form carbon/carbon composites with more electromagnetic loss patterns and enhanced microwave absorption. The effects of structure, composition, and compounding style will be systematically investigated, so that the optimum composites with improved electromagnetic properties can be achieved by manipulating the assembly of different carbon components. The resulted lightweight carbon/carbon composites will have matched permittivity and permeability, excellent frequency response, and highly effective microwave absorption in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. With the assistance of computational chemistry and transmission model of electromagnetic waves, the microwave absorbing mechanisms of these carbon/carbon composites will be proposed through comprehensive analysis on their electromagnetic parameters. Completion of this project will be benificial to produce some novel absorbing materials with independent intellectual property, control the electromagnetic pollution, and enhance the competitive strength of our country in military stealth technology. More importantly, the theoretical achievements in this project may provide reliable science evidence for the design and synthesis of light weight and highly effective carbon-based microwave absorbing materials in the future.

面对高速发展的电子工业和日趋紧张的国际军事形势，迫切需要研发高效轻质的吸波材料控制电磁污染，强化军事隐身技术。针对目前吸波材料在密度、性能和稳定性等方面存在的科学问题，本项目提出构建轻质纯碳吸波材料的研究思想，通过功能导向性的结构设计，形成反复振荡吸收行为，辅以石墨烯构筑新型碳/碳复合材料以丰富碳材料的电磁损耗方式，实现性能的显著增强。拟系统研究结构组成、复合方式等因素对复合材料电磁性能和吸波性能的影响，从微观尺度调控碳组分的组装过程，实现结构和组成的合理设计，优化复合材料的电磁性能，旨在获得2-18GHz宽频范围内具有高效吸波性能的轻质复合吸波材料。通过对复合材料电磁性能的全面分析，并结合计算化学手段及电磁波的传输理论和模型，揭示复合材料吸波机理，力争得到自主知识产权的研究成果，为高效碳基吸波材料的研制提供一定的科学依据，以期有效控制电磁污染，同时提升我国在军事隐身领域的国际竞争实力。

面对高速发展的电子工业和日趋紧张的国际军事形势，迫切需要研发高效轻质的吸波材料控制电磁污染，强化军事隐身技术。针对目前吸波材料在密度、性能和稳定性等方面存在的科学问题，本项目提出构建轻质纯碳吸波材料的研究思想，通过功能导向性的结构设计，形成反复振荡吸收行为，辅以石墨烯构筑新型碳/碳复合材料以丰富碳材料的电磁损耗方式，实现性能的显著增强。系统研究了结构设计、复合方式等因素对复合材料电磁性能和吸波性能的影响，从微观尺度调控碳组分的组装过程，实现结构和组成的合理设计，优化复合材料的电磁性能。项目设计合成的卵壳型C@C微球、空心Co/C微球、多腔体型C微球、多孔C多面体/石墨烯复合材料均表现出优秀的电磁波吸收性能。其中，卵壳型C@C微球依托于匹配层和损耗层的双层设计，以及壳层之间的多重反射效应，有效调节了不同频段的吸波性能；空心Co/C微球复合了磁性损耗和介电损耗，良好的阻抗匹配赋予其优秀的电磁波吸收性能；多腔体C微球结合了空心微结构和分级结构的优势，通过强化电磁波的多重反射效应，有效促进了电磁波的吸收，提升了吸波性能；将石墨烯引入多孔C多面体的体系之中，能有效调控介电常数，丰富损耗机制，得到可调谐的吸波性能。本项目中多种微结构碳材料的成功设计合成，深入探究了结构组成、复合方式对电磁波吸收性能的影响机制和调节作用，验证了多重反射吸收的特殊作用，为高效碳基吸波材料的研制提供一定的科学依据，以期有效控制电磁污染，同时有助于提升我国在军事隐身领域的国际竞争实力。在本项目的资助下，在国际知名期刊共计发表了32篇SCI论文，培养了5名博士研究生和9名硕士研究生。