基于导电与变色纳米线双层柔性网络的电致变色纤维的构筑与界面传输行为研究

The colors of fibers/fabrics can be switched in a short time according to our willing, well known as smart electrochromic fibers/fabrics, which have exhibited promising application in many areas such as camouflage, anti-counterfeiting techniques, display and so on, and are crucial in both military and civilian purposes. To realize smart color change, electrochromism provides a convenient direction. However, traditional electrochromic (EC) devices are mostly possessed of multilayer structure assembled on two-dimensional rigid substrate. A series of basic scientific problems have come along the achievement of electrochromism on flexible and curved fibers/fabrics, such as the design and construction of conductive layers, EC layers and the monolithic structures and so on. In this subject, a variety of inorganic transition metal oxide nanowires with different aspect ratios will be synthesized to construct high flexible double-layer nanowire transparent network according to the principle that the nanowire diameter is proportional to the curvature radius. And the interfacial electron transmission and stability between conductive and EC layers will also be explored deeply. In addition, new EC fibers with core-shell structure will be designed, which can result in the great improvement of wear resistance and visual effect of fibers. Therefore, with the implementation of this project, the construction method of a novel one-dimensional flexible photoelectric device can be obtained and the relationship can be thoroughly understood among nanowire morphologies, crystal types, mechanical and optical properties.

按照人的意志快速地改变纤维和织物的颜色，即智能变色，在隐身、防伪、显示等领域有着明确的应用前景，无论在军事还是民用上都至关重要。电致变色是一种方便地改变颜色的方式，传统的电致变色器件大多是在刚性基底上构建的多层结构，而在柔性、弧形的纤维和织物上实现电致变色，需要解决透明导电层、变色层、封装结构的设计和构筑过程中所存在的一系列基础科学问题。申请人拟合成多种具有不同长径比的无机过渡金属氧化物纳米线，根据其曲率半径与纳米线直径成正比的原理，构建具有高柔性的双层纳米线连通网络，同时探究导电层与变色层的界面电子传输性能与界面稳定性；设计皮芯电致变色纤维新结构，提高纤维耐磨性，大幅增强变色可视效果。本项目的实施，不仅可以获得一种新的柔性一维光电器件的构筑方法，而且有助于深刻理解纳米线形貌、晶型、力学和光学性能之间的相互关系。

电致变色是一种极为方便且可控性强的改变颜色的方式，传统的电致变色器件大多是在刚性基底上构建的多层结构，而在柔性、弧形的纤维和织物上实现电致变色，需要解决透明导电层、变色层、封装结构的设计和构筑过程中所存在的一系列基础科学问题。本项目通过合成无机过渡金属氧化物纳米线，构建具有高柔性的双层纳米线连通网络，利用皮芯包覆结构，实现了电致变色纤维的构建。主要研究成果如下：.1. 多种高长径比无机电致变色纳米线的可控制备.通过水热法制备出多种无机过渡金属氧化物纳米线/纳米带，包括W18O49纳米线，MoO3纳米带，V2O5纳米带，最高长径比可以达到1480，为柔性电致变色薄膜的制备打下良好基础；.2. 柔性双层纳米线网络的构筑与力学性能优化.通过喷涂法制备银纳米线/无机过渡金属氧化物纳米线双网络电致变色薄膜，通过添加海藻酸-聚多巴胺（Aa-PDA）有效提高了纳米线与基底及纳米线之间的粘附性。所制备的电致变色薄膜弯折或折叠100次后仍具有很好的电致变色效果；.3. 纳米线电化学稳定性的高效增强.通过在银纳米线网络表面喷涂PEDOT:PSS，可有效抑制离子与银纳米线之间的氧化还原反应，从而提高银纳米线的电化学稳定性；.4. 电致变色纤维器件构筑.通过螺旋缠绕的方式，将MoO3纳米带双网络电致变色薄膜制备成电致变色纤维，可实现无色与蓝灰色之间的可逆转变。