发酵障碍瓶颈突破的产氢产乙酸菌与产电菌协同作用深度产氢机制

Further improving the hydrogen yields and operational stability of fermentative hydrogen production system from organic wastewater has been a focus of international researches. As the bottleneck problem, the fermentative obstacle has long restricted the fermentation hydrogen production technology to realize industrialization and lower hydrogen production costs. In order to exploit the efficient fermentative hydrogen production technology, conquering the fermentative obstacle can be the breakthrough. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) exceeded the thermodynamic limit of the dark fermentative hydrogen production. As the metabolic product of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria (HPA), acetic acid turns out to be the optimum substrate for MEC. On this basis, this study put forward the thought of enhancing the hydrogen yields and the stability of biohydrogen production process by making a reasonable match for acidogenic bacteria (AB), HPA and MEC process, with the advantages of pollution control and energy recovery. The HPA metabolic regulation is restricted by the product, in order to resolve the problem of phase separation for AB, HPA and electrogenesis microorganism, strengthen the interspecific acetic acid transfer for HPA and electrogenesis microorganism and improve the hydrogen yields for MEC under the condition of multi-facter limit, this project will carry on the following researches: the development of biohydrogen production new process by the phase separation of AB, HPA and MEC, the construction symbiotic bacteria of HPA and electrogenesis microorganism, the metabolic kinetics characteristic of the electrogenesis microorganism and the analysis of properties of MEC in the coupling process. This study can provide important theoretical and technical foundation for the coupling process to achieve optimal operation and approach the theoretical maximum hydrogen production capacity. The results may be a breakthrough in bio-hydrogen production technology.

进一步提高有机废水发酵制氢系统的氢气产率及运行稳定性一直是国际研究热点，而对于发酵障碍难题的攻克是开发高效制氢技术的突破口。产电菌产氢突破了暗发酵产氢的热力学限制可大幅度提高氢气产率，其工艺体现形式是微生物电解池（MEC）。课题组基于和产氢直接相关的一类重要微生物-产氢产乙酸菌（HPA）具有代谢VFAs及乙醇产生氢气的同时可为MEC提供最适宜底物乙酸的事实，提出了产酸发酵菌群、HPA及产电菌对有机质梯级利用深度产氢的学术思路。而如何实现这三类微生物的相分离、在分离不利的情况下如何强化HPA与产电菌种间乙酸转移以及在此特殊耦合条件下如何强化MEC的氢气产率是该思想得以实现的关键。针对以上科学问题，项目拟重点开展产电菌生长及代谢动力学、HPA与产电菌互营共生体构建、互营共生条件下MEC质子传递及胞外电子传递特征等方面的研究。本研究可为新开发工艺实现最优化运行并趋近理论产氢率提供理论与技术基础。

进一步提高发酵制氢系统的氢气产率及运行稳定性一直是国际研究热点，而对于发酵障碍难题的攻克是开发高效制氢技术的突破口。产电菌产氢突破了暗发酵产氢的热力学限制可大幅度提高氢气产率，其工艺体现形式是微生物电解池（MEC）。课题组基于和产氢直接相关的一类重要微生物-产氢产乙酸菌（HPA）具有代谢VFAs 及乙醇产生氢气的同时可为MEC 提供最适宜底物乙酸的事实，提出了产酸发酵菌群、HPA 及产电菌对有机质梯级利用深度产氢的学术思路。本项目重点开展了产电菌生长及代谢动力学、HPA 与产电菌互营共生体构建、互营共生条件下MEC 质子传递及胞外电子传递特征等方面的研究。.通过该项目研究：开发了一套可实现产酸发酵菌群、HPA菌群及产电微生物对有机质梯级利用深度产氢合理匹配的新工艺，并确立了最佳的工程控制参数及调控对策；选育出3株高效产电菌种，并通过间歇培养的静态试验获得了其生理生态学参数；获得了产电微生物生长及代谢动力学参数；建立了产氢产乙酸菌与产电菌互营共生体的构建方法；确立了强化产氢产乙酸菌与产电菌种间乙酸转移的对策；明晰了在产氢产乙酸菌协同作用下产电菌（或互营共生体）的胞外电子传递特征。.项目在研周期内发表学术论文14 篇，其中国际重要学术期刊SCI 论文9 篇，中文核心期刊5篇；申请国家发明专利5项，其中获授权发明专利1项；获得莆田市科技进步三等奖2项；协办国际会议1次，参加学术会议3次并均做大会报告；培养博士生1 人，硕士生5人。.本项目提出的研究思路与方法具有创新性，对提高高浓度有机废水的产氢能力具有重要的理论指导意义和工程应用价值，对完善微生物生理生态学理论提供了有创造性的补充和探讨。本项目成果可为新开发的厌氧发酵产氢工艺实现最优化运行并趋近理论产氢率提供了理论与技术基础，对于推动发酵制氢技术产业化进程具有重要的意义。本项目开发的发酵制氢新技术具有重要的应用前景。