卷叶象甲科昆虫繁殖策略的适应性进化

Attelabini weevils markedly differed from other insects for their complicated and specialized reproductive behaviors. They are inclined to choose the K-strategy, like vertebrates, characterized by high inputs of energy but lower outputs of offspring. While studies about Attlebini weevils were gradually increased in recent years, mostly on their phylogenetic relationships, the synergistic effect with host-plants, and the impact of fungi on the larval development, few studies focused on their behavioral ecology and evolution of reproductive strategy. This project would conduct a study on the reproductive ecology of typical species of Attelabini weevils distributed in China. Reproductive time budget and body weight variation would be testified as indicators and quantitative criteria of progenitive inputs in Attelabidae. The data would be applied into more populations for analyzing the adaptive evolutionary progress of their reproductive strategies. This project would also provide a model for studies of “r-K selection continuum” and “convergent evolution” theory. These results were crucial to utilize Attelabini weevils as a potential biological control agent against invasive weed and defense them from the economic plants.

卷叶象甲科昆虫是繁殖行为复杂而特化的类群，其高投入低产出的繁殖策略倾向于高等动物中常见的“K-选择”。近年来卷象研究不断发展，但大多集中于分子系统发育关系、与寄主植物的相互作用及真菌对幼虫发育的影响等方面，从行为生态学角度探讨卷象繁殖策略进化过程的研究仍十分缺乏。本研究拟以国内分布的代表性卷象物种为研究对象，建立以时间及营养为指标的繁殖投入量化方式，并将此标准应用于更大的时间及空间尺度，通过比较不同种群繁殖投入与产出的差异性，分析卷象行为模式及繁殖策略的适应性进化，探讨影响此进化过程的主要因素。基于卷象这一特殊的实验材料开展研究，可为繁殖生态学中“r-K选择连续模型”研究开辟新的途径，同时繁殖策略的研究有助于评估卷象防治入侵植物的潜在能力。

卷叶象甲科昆虫是繁殖行为复杂而特化的类群，其高投入低产出的繁殖策略倾向于高等动物中常见的“K-选择”。本研究通过野外标本采集、室内饲养和自然种群观察等方法，从行为生态学角度探讨卷象繁殖策略，并辅以分子生物学证据，探讨卷叶行为的系统发育关系，得到以下主要结果：记录了卷象4个种群数量动态，探讨了种群的分布型和数量变化，分析了其与环境变化之间的联系；观察切叶、卷叶、产卵、取食行为，在实验室内完成取食偏好性试验，通过测试寄主植物不同营养成分含量和测量叶片形态探讨寄主偏好与两者均相关；在野外种群中通过寄生蜂种类和数量变化探讨半黑卷象对不同寄主植物产生偏好性的原因；通过一代测序手段得到了十种卷象COI、COII和CYTb的基因序列，用二代测序方法测定了斑卷象属一物种Paroplapoderus tentator的线粒体基因组序列和半黑卷象的全基因组序列，并重新确定了其系统发育关系。