陶瓷靶界面驻留过程中的冲击损伤行为及其失效机理研究

Ceramic dwell occurs when a high velocity projectile impacts a ceramic target and flows out radially along the surface of the ceramic with no penetration. It can provide significant improvement to the ballistic performance of ceramic targets. However, most studies on dwell were focus on regular recognition with unclear mechanisms. Some fundamental problems about dwell are needed to be solved to improve comprehensive analyses of ceramic target ballistic performances. This project concerns damage behaviors during dwell and failure mechanisms of ceramic targets impacted by long rod projectiles. Firstly, ceramic cylinders with different sizes and constraints will be compressed dynamically with different strain rates using SHPB. The damage behaviors of ceramic cylinders will be analyzed based on the experimental data. Secondly, experiments and numerical simulations will be performed for discussing the typical damage behaviors of ceramic targets during dwell, in which long rod projectiles impact with different forces and duration on one selected representative type of ceramic target. Finally, experiments and numerical simulations in which long rod projectiles impact on ceramic targets with different sizes, constraints and buffers will be performed. The mechanisms of these typical projectile and target parameters influencing on ceramic target failure will be analyzed based on the experimental and numerical data, previous results and dynamic fracture theory. This project is expected to reveal the nature of dwell deeply, provide theory basis for comprehensive studies on ceramic target anti-impact performances, and improve developing ceramic armor with higher performance.

陶瓷靶界面驻留行为是指，高速冲击的弹体在未发生侵彻的靶体表面被连续侵蚀并沿径向流动，可有效提高陶瓷靶抗弹能力。然而，目前该问题的研究主要集中在陶瓷靶表观抗冲击性能方面，机理认识不深入，结论推广性差，迫切需要解决相关基础性问题。本项目着重探索厚陶瓷靶在长杆弹冲击下界面驻留过程中的损伤行为及其失效机理。首先，开展分离式霍普金森压杆单脉冲动态压缩实验，分析在试件尺寸、约束条件及应变率影响下的陶瓷材料动态压缩损伤行为。其次，针对一种代表性陶瓷靶，进行不同冲击力与时间的长杆弹冲击实验与数值模拟，分析其界面驻留过程中的典型损伤行为。最后，考虑弹靶尺寸、约束条件及冲击缓冲作用的影响，基于长杆弹冲击实验与数值模拟数据，结合前述研究成果及动态断裂理论，探讨典型弹靶条件影响下的陶瓷靶失效机理。本项目研究成果有助于深入认识界面驻留行为本质，将为陶瓷靶抗冲击性能综合研究提供理论依据，促进高性能陶瓷装甲研发。

陶瓷靶界面击溃和界面驻留现象能够有效提高陶瓷装甲的抗弹能力。为了解决陶瓷靶冲击损伤和失效方面的基础问题，本项目针对厚陶瓷靶在界面驻留过程中的损伤行为与失效机理开展了研究。首先，开展了基于SHPB的陶瓷单次加载试验，获得了陶瓷材料在压缩下的微观损伤数据，明确了压力及加载时间对陶瓷材料动态压缩损伤特性的影响。然后，基于厚陶瓷靶高速冲击试验，获得了厚陶瓷靶在球形弹丸与长杆弹冲击下的内部损伤模式，揭示了冲击力与冲击加载时间影响厚陶瓷靶损伤的机理。最后，基于厚陶瓷靶高速冲击试验与数值模拟，获得了盖板形式与尺寸、靶体尺寸、周向约束尺寸、约束预应力等多种靶体结构条件下厚陶瓷靶的冲击损伤特性，揭示了陶瓷靶失效机理。本项目研究成果有助于深入认识界面驻留行为本质，为陶瓷靶抗冲击性能综合研究提供理论依据。