多功能仿生动态膜的构建机理及其应用基础研究

Low efficiency of micro-pollutant treatment and membrane fouling are the bottlenecks restricting the advanced treatment of waste water by low-pressure membrane. The key to solve this problem is to develop other functions of low-pressure membrane. In order to improve the removal efficiency of micro-pollutants and effectively control membrane fouling, a novel biomimetic dynamic membrane (both carbon nanotubes and laccase immobilized on low-pressure base membrane) was fabricated with the strategy of filtration and pre-deposition, for formatting multifunctional synergistic effects of separation, adsorption and catalysis. The distribution and morphology of laccase in the biomimetic dynamic layer were investigated by different immobilization strategies, while the preparation process was optimized. Meanwhile, the laccase immobilization mechanism into the biomimetic dynamic layer was further clarified. Then, the biomimetic dynamic membrane was adopted to treat micro-polluted water (using polyphenol A as the model pollutant). In the meantime, the contribution of separation, adsorption and catalytic to the removal rate of polyphenol A was analyzed. To sum up, after these experiments, the multi-functional synergistic mechanism of biomimetic dynamic membrane was revealed, which laid a theoretical foundation for promoting the deep treatment efficiency of wastewater. By characterizing the membrane filtration behavior and membrane fouling mechanism, the control mechanism of catalytic and adsorption functions on membrane fouling was explored, and the regeneration process of biomimetic dynamic membranes was evaluated, providing theoretical basis for the practical application of biomimetic dynamic low-pressure membrane.

微污染物处理效率低和膜污染是制约低压膜深度处理实际废（污）水的瓶颈，开发低压膜的其他功能是解决这一问题的关键。本项目以新型过滤预沉积为策略，拟制备多功能仿生动态膜（固定碳纳米管和漆酶于低压基膜），形成分离、吸附和催化多功能协同作用，以提高微污染物去除效率并有效控制膜污染。采用研究不同漆酶固定化策略下仿生动态层中酶分布和形态结构，优化制备工艺，阐明仿生动态层对于漆酶的固定化机理。然后，将仿生动态膜用于处理微污染水（以多酚A为模式污染物），基于解析分离、吸附、催化功能对于去除率的贡献，揭示仿生动态膜多功能协同作用机理，为提高废（污）水的深度处理效率奠定了理论基础。通过表征膜过滤行为和分析膜污染机理，探索催化和吸附功能对膜污染的控制机制，并评估仿生动态膜的再生过程，为实现仿生动态低压膜的实际应用提供理论依据。

低压膜是废（污）水深度处理的重要技术，开发低压膜的全面功能是促进膜法净水效率和节能降耗的关键。本项目以新型过滤预沉积为策略，拟制备多功能仿生动态膜，形成分离、吸附和催化多功能协同作用，以提高微污染物去除效率并有效控制膜污染。项目研究结果如下：（1）仿生动态膜的制备与应用：通过不同载体（活性炭、碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯）和漆酶预沉积于低压膜面，利用载体吸附、漆酶催化和膜分离的协同作用，增强微污染水的水质净化效果；（2）重力驱动仿生膜的制备与应用：经仿生动态层的优化调控，孔隙率和通透空间得到明显地提升，凭借膜面静水高度可以实现膜滤的有效驱动，极大地促进仿生膜稳定运行的节能降耗；（3）仿生动态层制备方法和水质净化：通过比较仿生动态层不同的制备方法，优选高效仿生动态膜制备策略，利用吸附模型和酶促机理揭示仿生动态层对微污染物的去除效率和调控手段；（4）颗粒动态冲刷强化过滤机制：利用颗粒材料在膜面流化态运动特性，通过碰撞动量交换机理和力学平衡定律，促进颗粒材料在膜面的剪切强化速率，继而减轻膜面膜污染形成和增强膜渗透速率。综上所述，通过开发低压膜的全面功能，开发仿生动态膜和重力驱动仿生膜，对低压膜水质净化的提质增效具有重要意义。