SPE膜电极多相传质有序化构建与电解制氢研究

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) electrolysis technology is currently one of the popular research topics in the field of hydrogen production. The catalytic layer (also known as the electrode) in the current Membrane Electrode Assembly, which is the core component of SPE electrolyzer, is featured as disordering porous composite structure, however a series of critical scientific problems are presented such as strong electrochemical polarization, strong concentration polarization and short lifetime. Taking highly ordered proton conducting in the catalytic layer as breakthrough, this application proposes a new system with multiphase conducting highly ordered MEA based on SPE nanorods array structure. In the project, controllable SPE nanorods array will be prepared through thermal compression method and template method, and the micro and nano size effects as well as the growth mechanism of the SPE nanorod will be investigated. Catalyst thin film will be loaded on Nafion nanorods by the two methods of chemical deposition and atomic layer deposition, and the relationship between microstructure and function of the electrode will be researched. The electrochemical model of the ordered MEA will be developed, and the electrochemical reaction and conducting mechanism in the SPE nanorods array catalytic layer will be investigated. The single SPE electrolyzer equipped with this ordered MEA will be constructed, both the electrochemical model and the mechanisms will be verificated by performance experiments of the single cell. It’s expected that new system of the ordered MEA with SPE nanorods array is prepared, and the quantitative relationship between electrode microstructure and performance is illuminated. Moreover it provides with theoretical basis for the preparation of ordered MEA with superior performance, low cost, long lifetime, and inspires the technical development of the fabrication of the next generation ordered MEA for SPE electrolyzer.

固体聚合物电解质(SPE)电解水技术是目前国际上最先进的水电解制氢技术之一。现SPE电解池的电极属多孔复合电极，在电极中离子相呈纳米薄膜无序分布态，极易使贵金属催化活性中心相连接的质子、电子以及气体通道受阻，存在电极强电化学极化(高能耗)、强浓差极化(慢制氢速率)等关键科学问题。本申请以电极中离子相的高度有序化和高效输运为突破点，构建超低贵金属用量的SPE电解池有序化膜电极新体系。通过热压法与模板法相结合的方法在SPE膜上原位可控生长SPE纳米棒阵列，采用化学沉积法和原子层沉积法的对比方案在SPE纳米棒骨架上负载析氧和析氢催化剂的非对称催化剂层，形成SPE电解池有序化膜电极。阐明SPE有序化膜电极的组成-结构-催化性能-稳定性之间的相互关系，形成完整的SPE电解池有序化膜电极的构效关系与设计理论，为设计超低贵金属用量下的低能耗、快制氢速率的SPE电解池有序化膜电极提供初步理论基础和新思路。

固体聚合物电解质(SPE)电解水技术是目前国际上最先进的水电解制氢技术之一。现SPE电解池的电极属多孔复合电极，在电极中离子相呈纳米薄膜无序分布态，极易使贵金属催化活性中心相连接的质子、电子以及气体通道受阻，存在电极强电化学极化(高能耗)、强浓差极化(慢制氢速率)等关键科学问题。本项目构建出了基于SPE纳米棒阵列的电解池有序化膜电极，实现了电极质子、电子、气体通道的三维网络结构定向、可控设计，阐明了可控制备方法和构效关系，实现了在低贵金属载量下的高制氢速率和低电解能耗，在SPE膜电极水电解制氢性能指标上取得突破：有序化SPE膜电极在Pt含量0.2mg/cm2，IrO2含量0.5mg/cm2，在80℃、常压和1A/cm2下，电解电压为1.60V，而传统喷涂法CCM工艺、转印法、机械热压法和化学镀法制备的MEA在相同条件下的电解电压分别为1.66V、1.67V、1.7V和1.81V。项目研究获得了良好的SPE水电解性能。本项目为设计超低贵金属用量下的低能耗、快制氢速率的SPE电解池有序化膜电极提供初步理论基础和新思路。. 项目发表了13篇SCI收录论文，申请了13件中国发明专利，参与出版了一本氢能专著，共同起草制定一件氢能国家标准并实施，获得了一项省部级奖、一项国际奖项和一项国际发展展览会发明金奖。