河岸带植物色彩景观变化及其影响机制

The riparian zone is the interlaced area of the river and land, with high ecological sensitivity and comprehensive function. Within a certain river bank width, changes in the plant landscape of the riparian zone are embodied by the community structure and plant color changes which are combined by plant species diversity. However, under the impact activities on the river basin in the region, the plant landscape in the riparian zone is disturbed dramatically, the primary plant landscape in the riparian zone is destroyed and the seasonal variation characteristics color is disappeared gradually. The project takes “Chaobai” river which has typical gradient in the riparian zone of Beijing plain area as the research object, uses the research methods of ecology and aesthetics to construct the richness and equilibrium index of plant color landscape and analyze the temporal and spatial variation of color landscape. The project discusses the relationship between the plant color landscape, plant species and the diversity of its richness and uniformity in riparian zone, and also discusses the influence of human activities on the spatial and temporal characteristics of plant color landscape and the relationship between plant diversity and human activities. The project also reveals the influence of human disturbance on plant color landscape in riparian zone to provide a theoretical basis for the protection, restoration and construction of the landscape and ecology of the riparian zone.

在一定河岸宽度范围内，河岸带植物景观的变化通过植物种类多样性所组合出的群落结构与植物季相色彩变化加以体现，但伴随着人为活动对该区域河流流域的影响，河岸带植物景观受到较强干扰，河岸带原生植物景观受到破坏且季相色彩变化特征逐渐消失。本项目在北京平原地区选择河岸带具有典型变化梯度的潮白河作为研究对象，运用生态学与美学的研究方法，构建植物色彩景观丰富度、均衡度指数，分析色彩景观的时空变化规律，并通过对比研究，探讨河岸带的植物色彩景观与植物种类及其丰富度、均匀度等多样性特征之间具有何种对应关系，以及人文活动对植物色彩景观时空变化特征及其与植物多样性关系的影响，揭示人为干扰对河岸带植物色彩景观的影响机制，为因地制宜地实现河岸带的景观与生态的保护、恢复、建设提供一定理论基础支撑。

植物色彩是植物景观最基础的构成和表征元素，研究和探讨河岸带植物景观色彩特征及其影响因子，对于保护和优化河岸带植物景观，营造视觉友好的城镇河岸带绿色空间具有重要意义。研究以潮白河城镇河岸带为对象，主要内容和结果包括如下。1）揭示了河岸带植物景观的色彩种类构成、色彩面积构成和色彩格局特征，及其春季-夏季-秋季-深秋初冬动态变化。结果表明河段植物景观整体为绿色系-黄绿色系渐变全季色彩风貌，夏季和秋季色彩丰富度较高，深秋初冬对比加强，从春季-夏季-秋季-深秋初冬色彩格局呈现破碎度较高且主色斑块优势明显-破碎度较低且斑块形状相对复杂-破碎度较低且斑块形状相对均匀-破碎度较高但斑块形状相对均匀的变化。2）探讨分析了研究河段植物多样性、均匀度、丰富度指数与不同季节植物色彩景观多样性、均匀度与丰富度的关系。结果表明植物群落多样性、丰富度与植物色彩具有显著相关关系，植物丰富度增加对应了色彩丰富度秋季上升和春、夏、初冬季下降的趋势；植物多样性增加对应了色彩多样性春、初冬上升和夏、秋季下降的趋势。3）从“人-植物色彩”与“植物色彩-人”的双向角度，阐明了河岸带植物景观色彩与人为活动的关系。结果表明人为干扰的自然滩涂保有对城镇河岸带植物景观色彩多样性提升和优势色彩的形成具有显著的积极影响，道路和其它不透水地表面积间接影响河岸景观色彩，而人工配置植物的芽、叶、花和果物候对色彩丰富度及色彩格局具有影响。同时，植物景观色彩的明度和饱和度对于视觉吸引力有显著的积极作用，色相值会通过与色彩斑块面积的交互作用虽视觉产生显著影响，并且橙色系的（斑块面积—斑块数量—视觉热点）整体作用减弱，黄色系、黄绿色系和绿色系的整体作用增，人眼视觉疲劳缓解。综上所述，研究为河岸带植物景观的优化与色彩调控，以及视觉健康的城镇地区河岸带景观营造提供了理论和技术支持。