金属氧化物半导体/碳纳米薄膜复合对电极的研发及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

At present, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) reached 13%, but there are still many technical bottlenecks. After years of research，the carbon electrode has been unable to replace platinum. A high catalytic activity, good conductivity, long-term stability and lower charge transfer resistance counter electrode is necessary for efficient DSSC. The main drawback of the carbon is the high surface resistance for the porous carbon; at the same time, the carbon materials has poor adhesion to substrates, limiting the electron transport and reducing the stability of the electrode. We propose to design and prepare a new composite, which has a good electrical conductivity, highly catalytic performance, and good adhesion to substrates (n-type doped SnO2/C, n-SnO2/C). This structure can give full play to the catalytic properties of carbon materials as well as the enhancement of the cycle stability of the electrode, and at the same time enhance catalytic properties through electron-donating effect of the n-type semiconductor. Theoretical calculations are used to analyze the interface interaction of carbon and n-SnO2, and to analyze the catalytic activity of the n-SnO2/C composite. Based on the theoretical calculation results, we could further guide the synthesis of the high performance material.

目前染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的光电转换效率已经达到13%，但仍存在一些技术瓶颈。如碳对电极虽然经过多年的研究，但一直无法取代铂。高效的DSSC对电极需要有高的电催化活性、优良的导电性、长久的稳定性和低的电荷转移电阻。碳取代铂作为对电极存在的主要技术障碍是：高催化活性的多孔碳对电极的表面电阻较大；同时, 碳材料与导电基低的附着不够致密和牢固, 从而限制了电子的传输, 降低了对电极的稳定性。本课题拟设计并制备一种导电性好、具有一定催化性能、同时与基底附着力强的氧化物半导体材料(n型掺杂的SnO2，n-SnO2)与碳复合。这种结构可以充分发挥碳材料的催化性能以及增强对电极的循环稳定性，同时通过n-型半导体的推电子效应增强催化性能等。结合理论计算分析碳与n-SnO2界面的相互作用以及n-SnO2/C纳米复合材料的催化性能，进一步指导高性能对电极复合材料的开发。

高效的染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）对电极需要有低的电荷转移电阻、高的电催化活性、优良的导电性以及长久的稳定性。碳取代铂作为对电极存在的主要技术障碍是：高催化活性的多孔碳对电极的表面电阻较大；同时, 碳材料与载体的附着不够紧密和牢固, 从而影响了电子的传输, 降低了碳基对电极稳定性。本课题设计并制备了一系列导电性好、具有一定催化性能、同时与基底附着力强的氧化物半导体材料(n型掺杂的SnO2，n-SnO2)作为碳材料与基底之间的中间层。中间层所具有的高比表面积结构可以充分发挥碳材料的催化性能，同时通过n-型半导体的推电子效应进一步增强其催化性能。本课题结合理论计算分析了碳与n-SnO2界面的相互作用以及n-SnO2/C纳米复合材料的催化性能。研究结果对进一步开发高性能碳基对电极复合材料有指导意义。