单频网外辐射源低空监视雷达阵列校正新方法研究

The low-altitude airspace management reform of our country is now in the key period, therefore the demand for low-altitude surveillance equipments is very urgent. Single frequency network-based passive radar (SPR) is a new type of surveillance equipment, which has the following characteristics such as good low-altitude coverage performance, easy installation and deployment, low cost and good prospects for networking. SPR has important practical significance for improving the infrastructure construction with lower airspace opening, and so on promoting the development of general aviation in our country. Array calibration is the key technical problem that must be solved in the research and development of SPR, and has important scientific significance and considerable application prospect. From the specific working system and application environment of SPR, this project, with making full use of the signal resource, prior knowledge and previous research, aims to develop new array calibration methods for SPR and improve a matching total solution including: cognition and reconstruction of external radiation source signal; single frequency network channel estimation based on array antenna; array calibration parameter estimation adapted to complex multipath channel; prior knowledge mining, sorting and utilization; experimental verification, performance evaluation and optimization of new array calibration methods. This project is expected to break through the limitations of the existing array calibration methods in basic theory, algorithm implementation and practical application, and so as to provide solid technical support for the development and application of SPR, which is regarded as a new type of low-altitude surveillance equipment.

我国的低空空域管理改革正处于关键时期，对低空监视设备的需求十分迫切。单频网外辐射源雷达（SPR）是一种低空覆盖性能好、易于安装部署、成本低廉且适合组网的新型监视设备，对于完善与低空开放相配套的基础设施建设，促进我国通用航空事业的发展有重要的现实意义。阵列校正是研究和发展SPR必须解决的关键技术难题，具有重要的科学意义和可观的应用前景。本项目拟从SPR特有的工作体制和应用环境出发，充分利用已有的信号资源、先验知识和研究积累，发展适合于SPR的阵列校正新方法并完善与之配套的整体解决方案，主要内容包括：外辐射源信号的认知与重构；基于阵列天线的单频网信道估计；适应复杂多径信道的阵列校正参数估计；先验知识的挖掘、整理和利用；阵列校正新方法的实验验证、性能评估与优化等。本项目有望突破现有阵列校正方法在基础理论、算法实现和实际应用方面的局限性，为SPR这一新型低空监视设备的发展和应用提供坚实的技术支撑。

单频网外辐射源雷达（SPR）是一种低空覆盖性能好、易于安装部署、成本低廉且适合组网的新型监视设备，对于完善与低空开放相配套的基础设施建设，促进我国通用航空事业的发展有重要的现实意义。阵列校正是研究和发展SPR必须解决的关键技术难题，具有重要的科学意义和可观的应用前景。. 本项目从SPR特有的工作体制和应用环境出发，充分利用已有的信号资源、先验知识和研究积累，发展了适合于SPR的阵列校正新方法并完善与之配套的整体解决方案，主要内容包括：外辐射源信号的认知与重构；基于阵列天线的单频网信道估计；适应复杂多径信道的阵列校正参数估计；先验知识的挖掘、整理和利用；阵列校正新方法的实验验证、性能评估与优化等。相关研究成果已发表多篇论文并应用于实际雷达系统。理论分析、仿真计算和对比实验表明，本项目发展的阵列校正方法已显著提升SPR的目标定位精度和杂波抑制效果。. 考虑到SPR工作环境的复杂性（单频网，多径效应），以及探测低空慢速小目标（如无人机）的新需求，本项目扩展了研究内容，包括SPR信息处理及弱目标检测、跟踪与识别。通过本项目的支持，研究团队解决了单频网多径定位模糊和误差配准问题，并在单频网目标跟踪、强多径杂波下弱目标检测、目标微动特性及成像等方面取得了重要进展。相关研究成果已发表了多篇国际学术论文并应用于实际雷达系统。. 本项目研究团队起草了中国民航局向国际民航组织（ICAO）监视专家组会议（4th Meeting of the Surveillance Panel Aeronautical Surveillance Working Group, International Civil Aviation Organization）提交的工作报告，系统介绍了武汉大学外辐射源低空监视雷达技术的研究进展，引起了国内外同行专家的广泛关注。基于本项目的研究成果，外辐射源低空监视雷达已成功观测到民航航班、无人机和鸟群的飞行轨迹，为成果转化和推广应用奠定了良好的基础。