可调俘获振动能的液电变阻尼器及其能量传递优化匹配研究

Conventional variable dampers absorb vibrations using mechanical or electrical adjustment for dissipating vibratory energy, which does not only result in the energy waste, but also lead to harmful impacts on the working environment. This proposal suggest an energy harvesting approach to replace the energy dissapation in vibration damping. The energy harvesting, according to the proposal, will be tunable for realizing a novel hydraulic-electrical variable energy-harvesting damper. The research will focus on the variable energy-harvesting damping techniques. A hydraulic cylinder-control-motor mechanism will be employed to drive a rotor for storing the vibratory energy. A variable electromagnetic approach using permanent magnet as well as variable excitation will be proposed to harvest the rotor energy that will be further adjusted through tuning load impedance. The vibration will be absorbed resulting from the electromechanical coupling between the variable damping and the energy harvesting. In this way, the coupling effect between the tunable harvesting and the variable damping will be validated. Optimal design theory for the variable energy-harvesting damper will be also investigated. Aiming at both the energy harvesting and the vibration damping, an impedance matching criterion will be employed for optimal matching of all the energy coupling components. This will fill the gap between the scientific basis and the real application. Thanks to the variable energy harvesting to replace the conventional energy dissipation for the variable damping, the response delay performance will be improved comparing to the mechanical adjustment or the smart materials. The proposed novel energy-saving approach using the hydraulic-electrical variable energy-harvesting damper has accordingly remarkable scientific significance and application prospect.

传统变阻尼器一般通过机电调节耗散能量消减振动，浪费振动能量并对工作环境产生不利的影响。本项目拟俘获振动能量发电以代替能量耗散实现阻尼功能，并利用发电环节的可变调节实现新型的液电俘能变阻尼器。拟研究可调液电俘能的变阻尼实现技术，采用液压缸控马达传动转子积蓄振动能量，以弱永磁结合变励磁的可调磁电方法俘获转子的惯性能量，并通过负载阻抗调节俘能功率；利用俘能过程机电耦合的可变电磁阻尼效应实现减振，从而验证可调俘能与可变阻尼的耦合作用；研究液电俘能变阻尼器的优化设计方法，面向能量俘获和振动阻尼的双目标，基于阻抗匹配准则，在统一的框架下优化匹配液电俘能变阻尼系统各能量耦合传递环节的参数，为变阻尼器的俘能减振应用奠定科学基础。本项目以可调能量俘获代替传统的能量耗散，研究的俘能变阻尼方法可提升机械调节或智能材料调节的响应时滞性能。项目提出新型节能的液电俘能变阻尼装置，具有显著的科学意义和应用前景。

本项目通过俘获振动能量发电以代替能量耗散实现阻尼功能，并利用发电环节的可变调节实现新型的液电俘能变阻尼器。项目研究可调液电俘能的变阻尼实现技术，采用液压缸控马达传动转子积蓄振动能量，以弱永磁结合变励磁的可调磁电方法俘获转子的惯性能量，并通过负载阻抗调节俘能功率；利用俘能过程机电耦合的可变电磁阻尼效应实现减振，从而验证可调俘能与可变阻尼的耦合作用；研究液电俘能变阻尼器的优化设计方法，面向能量俘获和振动阻尼的双目标，基于阻抗匹配准则，在统一的框架下优化匹配液电俘能变阻尼系统各能量耦合传递环节的参数，为变阻尼器的俘能减振应用奠定科学基础。通过本项目的研究，分析了新型节能的可调磁电转换的液电俘能变阻尼方法，研究可调俘能与可变阻尼的耦合作用与机制，初步建立面向能量俘获和振动消减双目标的液电俘能变阻尼器的优化设计理论。完善制作液电俘能变阻尼元件样机2个，搭建了1个面向车辆悬架应用的实验平台并开展减振工程验证。标注本项目编号，已发表国际国内学术期刊论文39篇，其中SCI检索（含SCI和EI双检索）33篇，EI检索3篇。1篇论文于2014年在国家自然科学基金委员会主办的第11届设计与制造前沿国际学术会议上获评为10篇优秀论文之一；2篇论文入选ESI前1%高被引论文，其中1篇论文于2016年同时入选ESI前0.1%热点论文。申请发明专利5项，其中2项发明专利已授权。参与本项目的3名硕士研究生均已顺利毕业并获得硕士学位，参与本项目的1名博士研究生已顺利毕业并获得博士学位。通过项目研究，为液电俘能变阻尼器投入工程应用提供基础研究成果，研究获得授权的发明专利转让给汽车减震器生产企业。在科学研究和实际应用两个方面体现了本项目的意义。