地沟油地下经济的生成机理及其对能源生物质供应体系的损害——聚焦我国城市餐厨垃圾“两化”治理政策的优化

Since the end of last century, the phenomenon of both Swill-pig and gutter oil has been intensified, which cause serious damage to environmental health, food safety and national reputation in China. It's also worth noting that a severe damage has been made to the new raw material supply system of biomass energy industry. Therefore, a series of government policy has been released with whole consideration for the first time in order to put these issues under the "resource, harmlessness" managing policy of kitchen wastes. Although it has been issued in many pilot cities, the research towards the underground economics of gutter oil is relatively weak and the policies still need to be summarized from the empirical analysis. The main purposes of this research are following: first, based on the economic theory of regulation and circulation and related articles, improved snookering quantitative management theory framework. Second, with the support of case analysis, criminology, related theories of supply chain and statistics, aiming to reveal the forming mechanism of the underground economics of gutter oil. Third, through investigating the pilot cities and intergrading metrology, case analysis, game and supply chain theory, analyze the practical effect and mechanism of the governance policies. More specifically, estimate the effect of gutter oil industry to the biomass supply system in order to explore the value map. Fourth, a multi-dimensional evaluation matrix will be build under the theories of Institutional economics, comparative study, law and benchmarking management for analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of current policies. Ultimately, the foothold is optimizing the goal, content and structure and complete the reconstruction of regulation.

上世纪末以来,我国泔水猪、地沟油现象愈演愈烈,严重危害环境卫生、食品安全和国家声誉;并剧烈损害新兴生物质能产业的原料供应体系。为此,党和政府发布指针性的[2010]36号系列文件,首次明确地将这些问题融入城市餐厨垃圾"两化"(无害化、资源化)治理政策中统筹联动地考虑;多个城市也相继出台了试点政策。但目前理论界对地沟油地下经济的研究很薄弱,对试点政策也缺乏总结实证。本课题,①运用管制及循环经济理论,梳理文献并完善"疏堵结合"的两化治理理论框架;②汇总案件,运用犯罪学、供应链、扎根理论及统计方法,揭示地沟油地下经济的生成机理;③调研试点城市,综合计量、案例、博弈和物流学方法,剖析治理政策的实践效果及作用机理。测度地沟油黑色产业对生物质供应体系的损害,揭示其映射价值;④构建多维评价矩阵,综合运用制度经济学、法学、比较研究和标杆管理等理论,剖析现行政策的优劣;进而优化其目标、结构和内容并重构管制。

上世纪末以来,我国泔水猪、地沟油现象愈演愈烈,严重危害环境卫生、食品安全和国家声誉；并剧烈损害新兴生物质能产业的原料供应体系。为此,党和政府发布指针性的[2010]36号系列文件,首次明确地将这些问题融入城市餐厨垃圾“两化”(无害化、资源化)治理政策中统筹联动地考虑；多个城市也相继出台了试点政策。但目前理论界对地沟油地下经济的研究很薄弱,对试点政策也缺乏总结实证。本课题，①运用管制及循环经济理论,梳理文献并完善“疏堵结合”的两化治理理论框架；②汇总案件,运用犯罪学、供应链、扎根理论及统计方法,揭示地沟油地下经济的生成机理；③调研试点城市,综合计量、案例、博弈和物流学方法,剖析治理政策的实践效果及作用机理。测度地沟油黑色产业对生物质供应体系的损害,揭示其映射价值；④剖析现行政策的优劣，进而优化其目标、结构和内容并重构管制。本研究，建立了餐厨垃圾产生量回归模型，构造了地沟油案件基础数据表，提出了生物质供应体系损害分析的“虚拟框架”；在区域样本的研究中，分析了新疆生物质能技术运用现状，提出了基于资源的产业布局及餐厨废油制生物柴油推进策略。针对全国范围的现象，揭示了黑色化涉农供应链治理的主要难点，提出了“堵疏结合”的重要对策。本研究，推进了餐厨垃圾“两化”治理理论的发展，发展了地沟油地下经济理论的基础体系，完善了能源生物质供应物流的研究，通过导入“损害”指标完善了餐厨垃圾“两化”治理绩效的评价框架。从应用前景看，本研究①有助于试点城市重构和改善其餐厨垃圾“两化”治理政策；②有助于管制部门深化对地沟油地下经济的认识，准确把握其违法犯罪规律，进而实施有针对性的规制；③所提供的我国餐厨垃圾处置企业运营绩效的第一手资料和数据，有助于政府进行扶持及规制生物质产业的相关决策时，全面均衡的考虑和把握其政策效应；此外，对生物质能企业的运作风险的揭示，对其他预进入/新试点企业的决策具有借鉴作用。