无机/有机核壳结构多孔电致变色薄膜的设计与构筑

Electrochromic device has shown a wide range of promising applications, such as smart windows, energy efficient information displays, self-dimming rear mirrors, camouflage against IR sensors and so on. However, the lack of reasonable porous structure of electrochromic film and high impedance among nanomaterials lead to small optical modulation and poor durability of the device. In this project, an emerging high performance porous electrochromic film assembled by inorganic/organic core/shell nanoparticles with covalent bond is proposed by combining advantages of both inorganic and organic electrochromic materials. The proposed inorganic/organic core/shell structure can effectively reduce the interfacial impedance between inorganic electrochromic nanomaterials, increase ion transportation and enhance the thermostability of the organic electrochromic materials. Furthermore, reasonable porous structure with pore size less than 100 nm will be constructed in the film using the solvent of ink as template, which can reduce the haze and increase active surface area and number of active sites of the electrochromic film. As a result, the optical modulation and durability will be largely improved. The dynamics of electrochromic optical modulation and synergy mechanism of inorganic and organic electrochromic materials for improved optical modulation and durability will be disclosed by investigating electrochromic performance, carrier transport kinetics and stability of the film. It is expected to provide the theoretical bases and key manufacture technology in research and development of low cost, large area and high performance electrochromic film.

电致变色器件在智能窗、低能耗显示、防炫目后视镜、红外隐身等领域有着广泛应用前景。但由于目前电致变色薄膜缺乏合理孔结构及纳米材料间界面阻抗大导致器件仍存在光学调制范围小、耐久性差的问题。本项目拟结合无机和有机导电聚合物电致变色材料的优点，设计一种基于共价键结合的无机/有机核壳纳米结构的高性能多孔电致变色薄膜。无机/有机核壳结构可有效降低无机电致变色纳米材料间的界面阻抗，提高载流子传输效率，同时增强有机电致变色材料的热稳定性。在此基础上，以油墨中溶剂为模板构筑孔径小于100nm且分布合理的多孔薄膜，可有效降低薄膜的雾度和提升电化学活性面积，协同提高光学调制范围和耐久性。通过研究电致变色性能以探索载流子传输特性和化学稳定性，揭示电致变色薄膜光学动态调制动力学机制及无机与有机组分对光学调制和耐久性的协同促进机制。此研究可为低成本、大面积、高性能电致变色薄膜的研发提供重要的理论依据和关键技术。

电致变色器件在智能窗、低能耗显示、防炫目后视镜、红外隐身等领域有着广泛应用前景。但由于目前电致变色薄膜缺乏合理孔结构及纳米材料间界面阻抗大导致器件仍存在光学调制范围小、耐久性差的问题。本项目结合无机和有机导电聚合物电致变色材料的优点，首先设计了一种基于共价键结合的无机/有机核壳纳米结构的高性能多孔电致变色薄膜。无机/有机核壳结构可有效降低无机电致变色纳米材料间的界面阻抗，提高载流子传输效率，同时增强有机电致变色材料的热稳定性。为了在分子水平实现无机与有机材料对电致变色性能的协同增强作用，我们进一步构筑了π-π及π-d共轭的金属有机配位聚合物电致变色杂化材料，大幅提升了电子在电致变色材料内部的传递。在此基础上，以油墨中溶剂为模板构筑孔径小于100nm且分布合理的多孔薄膜，可有效降低薄膜的雾度和提升电化学活性面积，协同提高光学调制范围和耐久性，获得了变色速度快于1秒及循环稳定性大于10000次的高性能电致变色材料，并构筑了面积>A4尺寸的高性能电致变色薄膜。进一步通过研究电致变色性能以探索载流子传输特性和化学稳定性，揭示了电致变色薄膜光学动态调制动力学机制及无机与有机组分对光学调制和耐久性的协同促进机制。此研究为低成本、大尺寸高性能电致变色器件的构建提供了新的分析方法及重要技术手段。