艾纳香叶片形态与左旋龙脑关联及其遗传连锁机制研究

L-borneol is the main component of TCM Aipian (natural borneol), which has been distributed in leaves of Blumea balsamifera (L.)DC. However, the content of l-borneol is relatively low, which seriously constrains large-scale industrial production. Furthermore, the accumulation of medicinal components is largely affected by environmental factors, and the measurement processure of that is also complex. all the above factors make it difficult to identify and select the content rapidly. Based on this, we will conduct the study aiming at analysis of heritability, genetic advance and correlations between l-borneol and leaf-morphological characters, including leaf size, shape, colour, and texture in B. balsamifera using numerical taxonomy and quantitative genetics methodology. Further, we will explore specific gene of genetic linkage with l-borneol accumulation using BSA-SRAP (Bulk segregate analysis, BSA sequence-related amplified polymorphism, SRAP) molecular marker technology, meanwhile and analyze the correlations which associated with leaf-morphological characters.We will eventually be able to reveal the genetic linkage mechanism of leaf-morphological characters and the l-borneol in B. balsamifera. We expect to lay a theoretical and technical foundation not only for the establishment of indirect selection index system of l-borneol by means of leaf-morphological characters in B. balsamifera, but also for directional selection of medicinal component content in other medicinal plants.

左旋龙脑是中药艾片（天然冰片）的主要成分，分布于菊科植物艾纳香[Blumea balsamifera(L.)DC.]的叶片中。由于左旋龙脑在艾纳香叶片中含量偏低，严重制约其工业化生产。同时，药用成分测定程序较为复杂，且合成与积累受环境因素影响较大，不利于对其含量直接测定与选择。基于此，本项目拟以艾纳香为材料，采用数量分类学和数量遗传学方法，分析叶片大小、形状、颜色和纹理等形态特征与左旋龙脑含量的相关性，以及遗传力、遗传进展等。并进一步采用BSA-SRAP分子标记技术，分析与左旋龙脑含量连锁的特异基因及其与形态特征的相关性，揭示叶片形态特征与左旋龙脑含量关联的遗传连锁机制。以期为富含左旋龙脑的艾纳香间接选择指标体系的建立奠定理论和技术基础，同时为其他药用植物药用成分含量的定向选择提供参考。

左旋龙脑是中药艾片（天然冰片）的主要成分，分布于菊科植物艾纳香[Blumea balsamifera(L.)DC.]的叶片中。由于左旋龙脑在艾纳香叶片中含量偏低，严重制约其工业化生产。同时，药用成分测定程序较为复杂，且合成与积累受环境因素影响较大，不利于对其含量直接测定与选择。因此，本项目以艾纳香为材料，研究叶片形态特征与左旋龙脑含量的关联及其遗传连锁机制，主要取得以下结果：（1）建立了艾纳香中左旋龙脑含量测定方法，明确了艾纳香叶样品保存方法，同时应用NIR方法对快速测定左旋龙脑含量进行了探索；（2）分析了艾纳香左旋龙脑季节性积累规律和器官分布规律，发现不同月份和不同株龄的艾纳香叶片左旋龙脑积累存在明显差异，不同器官左旋龙脑含量在营养生长期与生殖生长期的分布均存在明显差异；（3）发现艾纳香叶片左旋龙脑含量在同一产地不同个体间差异显著，同时与其他性状相比，左旋龙脑变异最大，且母株和分株苗间左旋龙脑含量稳定性较高；（4）通过量化20个叶片相关性状发现，左旋龙脑与叶手感、叶形指数存在显著相关关系，提示叶片粘手感、叶片狭长松散，可辅助富含左旋龙脑植株的间接选择；（5）初步筛选了多对SRAP分子标记和SSR分子标记引物，并对左旋龙脑含量不同的艾纳香群体开展验证分析，后续工作正在进行。在完成项目的同时，发表论文10篇，其中SCI 收录3篇（含已接收1篇），培养了两名硕士研究生。以上研究成果为艾纳香优良品种选育研究，以及其他药用植物药用成分的定向选择奠定理论和技术基础。