Ti3C2Tx/C纳米管基复合薄膜的制备及其电磁屏蔽性能研究

Exploring electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to reduce electromagnetic pollution has important values in the fields of electronics, power industry, aerospace and communications. However, how to assemble nanomaterials into lightweight and high-performance EMI shielding materials remains a huge challenge. This project intends to develop Ti3C2Tx/C nanotube-based composite films from the Ti3C2Tx/C nanotubes and non-woven fabrics. The evolution of components and structure in the composite film will be studied. Some key parameters affecting the conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness will be clearly defined. The response from nanotube structure, double-continuous conductive network and sandwich structure to electromagnetic waves will be explored. EMI shielding models will be established to reveal the EMI shielding mechanism of the Ti3C2Tx/C nanotube-based composite film. This project is of great significance for developing high-performance EMI shielding materials. Also, it is meaningful to understand the influence of components and structures on EMI shielding performance and promote the practical application of low-dimensional nanomaterials and electrospinning technique in the field of EMI shielding.

研究电磁屏蔽材料以降低电子、电力、航空航天和通信领域的电磁污染具有重要价值。然而，如何将性能优异的纳米材料组装为轻质高性能的电磁屏蔽材料仍是一项巨大挑战。本项目拟从Ti3C2Tx/C纳米管及无纺布的设计制备出发，发展具有多层次结构的Ti3C2Tx/C纳米管基复合薄膜的有序构筑；围绕材料组分和微观结构在复合薄膜制备过程中的演变规律进行深入研究，明确影响复合薄膜电导率和电磁屏蔽效能的关键工艺参数。针对复合薄膜体系中自下而上的纳米管结构、双连续导电网络和夹层结构对电磁波的响应规律进行系统探索，建立复合薄膜多层次结构电磁屏蔽模型，揭示Ti3C2Tx/C纳米管基复合薄膜的电磁屏蔽机理。本项目对于开发新型电磁屏蔽材料、从微观层面上认识组分和结构对电磁波屏蔽性能的影响、促进低维纳米材料和静电纺丝技术在电磁屏蔽领域的实际应用具有重要意义。

针对航空航天电子器件对柔性电磁屏蔽材料的需求，本项目基于静电纺丝技术突破了系列Ti3C2Tx/C纳米管和碳基纳米纤维的制备技术，以及与聚合物复合的多层次结构有序构筑技术，获得了多种轻质高性能Ti3C2Tx/C纳米管和碳基纳米纤维电磁屏蔽、电磁防护复合材料，发展出了系列纳米管（或纳米纤维）基双连续导电网络结构电磁屏蔽或吸波复合材料。在研究过程中，探索了Ti3C2Tx/C纳米管和碳基纳米纤维等复合结构中一维碳基纳米管、纳米纤维及双连续导电网络等多层次结构不同频率电磁响应规律，分析了多系列复合材料的组分、结构与电性能、力学性能等关系；根据不同系列复合材料结构和电性能的特点，建立了多种复合材料的多层次结构电磁吸收、电磁损耗和电磁屏蔽模型，阐明了相应的电磁波吸收和屏蔽机理，为新型柔性电子器件和航空航天器的高性能电磁屏蔽和吸波复合材料研究提供理论依据。