基于微通道的锂离子动力电池热管理系统热质传递特性与强化研究

In order to enhance the life and thermal safty of power battery, it is important to control the temperature range and uniformity. In this project, considered the thermal runaway mechanism and thermal management of lithium-ion battery, the research contents include: (1) heat generation mechanism and internal heat transfer with its distribution of the ternary lithium-ion battery under extreme condition; (2) the synergies mechanism of decreasing along with homogenizing temperature for lithium-ion power battery module and battery pack based on micro channel; (3) the flow characteristic of nanofluid in the micro channel and its influences on the heat transfer of battery thermal management system; (4) the flow and heat transfer characteristics of latent heat functional fluid in the battery thermal management system.The objects of this project are as follows: (1) reveal the heat generation mechanism and the transmission-distribution law of heat within the ternary lithium-ion battery under extreme condition, and estiablish the electrochemical-heat coupled heat generation model based on structural parameter modification; (2) reveal the synergies mechanism of decreasing along with homogenizing temperature for lithium-ion power battery module and battery pack based on micro channel, and get through the influence of structure parameters on the thermal distribution and thermal response; (3) reveal the influences of the thermophysical parameter of nanofluid and latent heat function fluid and size function on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of battery thermal management system; (4) clarify the intrinsic relationship between flow and heat transfer in a thermal management system with high efficiency in temperature control.

控制电池温度、保证电池组温度均匀，对提升动力电池寿命和热安全至关重要。本项目围绕电动汽车动力电池热失控机制与安全管理，拟开展工作：（1）三元锂离子电池极端条件下的产热机理及其内部热量传递与分布规律；（2）基于微通道的动力电池模块与电池组降温与均温协同作用机制；（3）纳米流体在微通道的流动特性及其对电池热管理系统热量传递的影响；（4）潜热型功能流体在电池热管理系统中的流动与传热特性。拟实现目标：（1）揭示极端条件下锂离子电池的产热机理及内部热量传递与分布规律，建立结构参数修正的电化学-热耦合产热模型；（2）揭示基于微通道的热管理系统降温与均温协同作用机制，获得微通道统结构参数对热量分布以及热响应情况的影响规律；（3）揭示纳米流体和潜热功能流体的热物性参数以及尺寸效应对热管理系统热质输送的影响规律；（4）阐明基于微通道的具有高效控温能力的热管理系统中流动与传热规律的内在联系。

动力电池热管理是限制电动汽车等行业发展的瓶颈技术，本项目提出采用纳米流体、潜热型功能流体等配合微通道的新型热管理方式，并通过实验和数值计算的方式研究了电池热管理系统的传热性能。依据原定研究计划，主要研究内容和结果如下：（1）构建了伪二维电化学模型和三维集总热模型电化学模型，并通过实验测试获得了三元锂离子电池产热和传热规律；（2）构建了楔形微通道冷板热管理结构，探索了冷却表面、流量和分支结构等对电池模块温度分布的作用规律；（3）构建了甘油/水、甘油/乙二醇和甘油/二甲基亚砜等以甘油为基础的纳米流体体系，研究了其热物性的作用规律，探索了在管道中的流动和传热性能；（4）构建了二氧化硅/石蜡相变胶囊，并成功制备潜热型功能流体，探索了其传热性能。本项目完成了原定研究目标，所得研究成果为微通道电池热管理的优化设计提供了理论依据，能有效提高现有电池热管理的传热性能，推广电动汽车的应用。本项目公开发表国际SCI期刊论文26篇、国内EI论文2篇，出版专著1部，授权发明专利15项。