遮荫对胡椒叶片碳氮比的影响及调控机理

Black pepper needs moderate shade to balance the relationship of vegetative and reproductive. Carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of its leaves is one of the key factors that influence plant growth from vegetative to reproductive growth, but the effect of shade and its regulation mechanisim to C/N of the leaves are not fully understood. This is a key question to accurately evaluate the effect of shade on improving its production and then implement optimized management. In the study, shade net technology under field conditions in combination with rhizobox experiment is adopted, by measuring the leaves' carbohydrate content, key invertase activity of carbon metabolism, and nitrate reductase and glutamine synthelase activity in the process of nitrogen metabolism. Quantificationally analyze the effect of shade to carbon metabolism as well as explore the regulation metablism of shade to black pepper leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism process.Then build C/N parameter system of black pepper leaves under shaded conditions in different development stage, and clear the effect of shade to black pepper florescence. Furthermore, propose critical shade density of high yield and quality black pepper production.Finally, explore the mechanism of shading regulates the process of carbon and nitrogen metabolism to control florescence. These not only help determine black pepper optimum shade in different growth development period, but also make further understanding of the nutrtion mechanism of black pepper flower development and then provide the scientific basis for optimizing florescence regulation of black pepper production and complex planting configuration.

胡椒需要适度遮荫以调控营养与生殖生长的平衡，叶片碳氮比（C/N）是影响营养生长向生殖生长转化的关键因素，然而遮荫对胡椒叶片C/N的影响及调控机理并不清楚，这是准确评价遮荫对高产优质胡椒生产影响进而实施优化管理的关键问题。本研究拟采用遮阳网田间原位遮荫技术，结合室内根箱模拟试验，通过动态测定胡椒叶片碳代谢过程的碳水化合物含量、关键蔗糖酶活性以及氮代谢过程中的硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性，定量分析不同荫蔽度对胡椒碳氮代谢过程的影响，探明遮荫对胡椒叶片碳、氮代谢过程的调控机理，建立不同遮荫条件下胡椒不同生长发育时期叶片的C/N指标体系，明确不同遮荫对胡椒花期的影响，提出高产优质胡椒生产的适宜临界荫蔽度，探明遮荫调控胡椒碳氮代谢过程调节花期的机理。这不仅有利于确定胡椒不同生长发育时期适宜荫蔽度，而且为深入理解胡椒花穗发育的营养机理，进而优化胡椒生产中花期调控和复合栽培配置方式提供科学依据。

胡椒需要适度遮荫以调控营养与生殖生长的平衡，叶片碳氮比（C/N）是影响营养生长向生殖生长转化的关键因素，然而遮荫对胡椒叶片C/N 的影响及调控机理并不清楚，这是准确评价遮荫对高产优质胡椒生产影响进而实施优化管理的关键问题。本项目以幼龄胡椒和结果胡椒为研究对象，通过采用遮阳网田间原位遮荫技术，研究了遮荫对胡椒叶片光合作用、碳代谢过程的碳水化合物含量、关键蔗糖酶活性以及氮代谢过程中的硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的动态变化规律的影响，定量分析了胡椒碳氮代谢过程相关参数与开花量的相关关系，研究探明了遮荫处理下碳代谢过程相关酶活性对幼龄胡椒开花量的调控机理，以及遮荫处理下叶片光合作用参数对结果胡椒开花量的调控机理，建立了不同遮荫条件下幼龄胡椒不同生育时期叶片的酶活性调控花量的指标体系，以及结果胡椒叶片的光合参数调控花量的指标体系，明确了不同荫蔽度对胡椒开花量、产量和品质的影响，提出高产优质胡椒不同生育时期的适宜临界荫蔽度，探明了遮荫调控胡椒碳氮代谢过程调节花量的机理。研究结果不仅确定了胡椒不同生长发育时期适宜荫蔽度，而且为深入理解胡椒花穗发育的营养机理，进而优化胡椒生产中花期调控和复合栽培配置方式提供科学依据。