湿法炼锌中有机物的影响及其去除的反应机理研究

The high consumption of zinc powder of solution purification, phenomena of zinc electrolytic DC consumption and plate burning, etc., and the impact of organic compounds in zinc sulfate solution in zinc hydrometallurgy process have attracted much more and more concerns, but studies have yet to be in-depth. The present project focuses on organic compound in zinc sulfate solution, carrying out study on the new process and reaction mechanism of organic matter removal by activated carbon. The project mainly focuses on influence rules of organic matters on the purification of zinc powder, zinc electro-deposit and the restricted content, laying the foundation for the purification of organic matter; investigating the microwave dielectric properties of spent activated carbon containing zinc,exploring influence rules of key reaction conditions of microwave synthesis of activated carbon on the adsorption capacity, pore size distribution and characteristics of surface chemistry,revealing rugulatory mechanism of pore size of activated carbon and surface chemistry; studying adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of activated carbon on organic matter in zinc sulfate solution,establishing associated rules between pore structure, dosage,adsorption time of activated carbon and removal rate of organic compounds, revealing the removal mechanism of organic matter by activated carbon, forming basic theory and technology prototype for purification of organic matter in zinc sulfate solution in zinc hydrometallurgy. Project may lay foundation on promoting the purification of organic matter and selective removal of other impurities by using activated carbon in metallurgical industry, having a wide range of application prospects.

湿法炼锌过程有机物升高导致的净化成本高、电积直流单耗大和烧板等现象已受到广泛关注，但对此研究尚待系统深入。本项目以硫酸锌溶液中有机物为研究对象，拟开展活性炭脱除有机物新工艺与反应机理研究。着重研究全流程有机物对锌粉净化、锌电积的影响规律及限制含量，奠定有机物净化的基础；研究含锌废活性炭的微波介电特性，探索其微波合成过程主要反应条件对吸附性能、孔径分布、表面化学性质的影响规律，揭示活性炭的孔径、表面化学调控机制；研究活性炭对硫酸锌溶液中有机物的吸附热力学、动力学，建立活性炭孔结构、表面化学性质及吸附时间等与有机物脱除率的关联规律，揭示活性炭脱除有机物的机理，形成湿法炼锌硫酸锌溶液中有机物净化的基础理论和技术原型。项目研究可为推进专用活性炭在冶金行业有机物的净化和其他杂质的选择性脱除奠定基础，具有广泛的应用前景。

针对目前湿法炼锌过程中有机物对直流单耗、电流效率的影响现状，以硫酸锌溶液为研究对象，开展了有机物对湿法炼锌净化和电解过程的影响规律研究；以醋酸乙烯用废催化剂及其含锌组分为对象，采用谐振腔微扰法测定了高温介电特性，同时将含锌废活性炭进行微波再生并用于单宁酸的吸附脱除，实现了废活性炭的资源化利用。研究结果有：①有机物的加入会导致锌粉和溶液间接触角增大，润湿性变差，降低锌粉除杂效率。同时会包裹锌粉，使有效锌粉量减少，进一步降低除杂效率。②探明了电解液中有机物的限制阈值，揭示了有机物对电解过程的作用机制。当电解液中单宁酸、骨胶或者二者的含量高于50 mg/L时，会严重导致锌的析出过电位升高，锌的析出速率降低，同时有机物会覆盖阴极表面进而严重抑制了电极上锌的析出。③测量了不同含锌物料的高温介电特性，表明含锌废活性炭在400℃后吸波性能较好，废活性炭内部的挥发物和锌逐渐溢出，微波处理含锌废活性炭具有明显的选择性优势。④探明了微波再生过程主要反应条件对吸附性能、孔径分布、表面化学性质的影响规律，揭示了活性炭的孔径、表面化学调控机制，获得了优化工艺参数；系统研究了微波场下废活性中锌的迁移规律。⑤建立了活性炭孔结构、表面化学性质及吸附时间等与有机物脱除率的关联规律，揭示了活性炭脱除有机物的机理。当单宁酸浓度为100 mg/L时，吸附后溶液中单宁酸浓度小于35 mg/L达到电解液中有机物的允许值（不高于50 mg/L）。⑥拓展性研究。将再生活性炭及其改性产物，拓展到到贵金属的选择性吸附。.出版专著1部；撰写论文22篇，发表SCI论文17篇，申请发明专利17件；项目负责人获云南省“万人计划-云岭学者”、云岭英才计划人才激励计划，培养研究生10名；组织和参加高水平学术会议6次。.综上，完成任务书研究内容，达到或超过了要求指标。