多因素地裂缝成因机理研究

Since the late 1990s, there had already occurred ground fissure in Baizhuang , Jiaozuo. The ground fissure passed through the middle route of south-to-north water transfer project. The acute activity of the ground fissure would do serious harm to safe running of the project. There are some causing disaster factors such as active fault, coal mined out area, mine drainage and groundwater overexploitation in Baizhuang area. On the basis of investigating the present distribution of the ground fissure, the development characteristics will be found out by approaches of surveying and mapping, exploratory trench, drilling, geophysical exploration, dating and geotechnical test. Based on data and field investigation in Baizhuang area, the main influence factors will be revealed by study the relationship of the ground fissure with topography and geomorphology, formation lithology, active fault, modern tectonic stress field, hydrogeology condition, coal mined out area, mine drainage and groundwater overexploitation. The genetic mechanism of multi-factor ground fissure will be proposed by numerical simulation analysis. The research results can help to solve the front scientific problems in the study of multi-factor ground fissure, and have reference value and guiding significance to control the ground fissure hazards on the middle route of south-to-north water transfer project.

穿越南水北调中线总干渠的焦作白庄地裂缝出现于上个世纪90年代末期，该地裂缝活动强烈，对南水北调中线工程安全输水构成巨大威胁，而且地裂缝发育区内，存在活动断裂、煤层采空区、矿坑排水和超采地下水等多种致灾因素。本项目旨在全面调查白庄地裂缝现今分布的基础上，利用测绘、探槽、钻探、物探、测年和土工试验等，查明白庄地裂缝的发育特征；收集白庄周边地质与人类活动资料，结合实地查勘，分析地形地貌、地层岩性、活动断裂、现代构造应力场、水文地质条件、超采地下水，煤层采空和矿坑排水等与白庄地裂缝的关系，揭示地裂缝的主要影响因素；通过数值模型分析，提出白庄多因素地裂缝的成因机理。项目研究成果有助于解决多因素地裂缝研究中的前沿科学问题，对南水北调中线工程防治地裂缝灾害具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。

穿越南水北调中线总干渠的焦作白庄地裂缝出现于上个世纪 90 年代末期，该地裂缝活动强烈，对南水北调中线工程安全输水构成巨大威胁，而且地裂缝发育区内，存在活动断裂、煤矿采空区和矿井排水等多种致灾因素。.本项目旨在深入了解白庄区域地质环境，利用勘探技术手段，查明地裂缝的发育特征，数值模拟分析地裂缝的影响因素，探索白庄多因素地裂缝的成因机理。 .本文主要研究工作和成果如下：.（1）收集白庄村区域地质资料，调查人类工程活动情况，分析了白庄地裂缝形成的地质环境；.（2）通过野外踏勘和测绘，应用探槽、钻探和物探等勘察技术手段，查明了白庄地裂缝的平面特征、剖面特征和活动特征；.（3）利用Flac软件，建立白庄地区数值仿真模型，计算断层活动、煤矿采空区、矿井排水及其之间的耦合作用对地裂缝活动的影响，分析了白庄地裂缝的成因机理，概化出断层径流与矿井排水耦合作用的地裂缝成因模式。