大型飞机飞行过程中机翼的三维动态变形检测方法研究

High-aspect-ratio and flexible wing design are often used in large aricraft design, and large in-flight wing deformation has important effect on flight safety and aerodynamci forces, so how to obtain the accurate deformation and strain data of in-flight wing accurately and quickly is of prime importance.Based on 3D digital image correlation method and digital close range industry photogrammetry technology,some mark points and random speckle pattern are pasted or painted on the aircraft surface,then the key parts deformation video images of wing in-flight are captured by several industrial cameras from multiple views placed on the aircraft.According to the deformation video images with mark points or speckle pattern, the 3D full-field deformation and strain data can be resolved,so the 3D full-field deformation and strain distribution of in-flight wing can be obtained finally.Based on the previous project supported by Natural Science Foundation-the deformation test methods of large aircraft model in wind tunnel experiments,this research group will focus on studying the deformation detection of large aircraft in-flight.Compared with wind tunnel test,the testing objects and enviroment have been changed. The testing objects change from plane model of 2 meters long to real aircraft of dozens of meters.The deformation test for large aircraft will be more difficult than wind tunnel test because of more complicated testing enviroment in flight.The 3D full-field dynamic deformation detection method in large-field of tens of meters,the influence of airflow,light,vibration and shooting angle under flight enviroment to dynamic deformation measurement accuracy and the anti-interference method & compensation will be researched,which provides accurate and reliable data for large aircraft's development and production.

大型飞机采用大展弦比和柔性机翼设计, 空中飞行时机翼变形很大,对气动力和飞行安全有重要影响，如何方便快捷、精确地测量空中飞行时大型飞机机翼的三维动态变形数据极其重要。本项目基于三维数字图像相关理论，结合工业近景摄影测量技术，利用放置在飞机上的多组工业相机，拍摄飞机空中飞行时机翼的变形视频图像，通过标志点和散斑图案解算出机翼三维全场动态变形和应变数据。课题组承担的前一个国家自然科学基金研究了风洞试验时大型飞机模型的变形检测方法，本项目在此基础上研究空中飞行的变形检测，检测对象和环境发生了重大改变，检测对象从2米大小的飞机风洞模型变为几十米的真实飞机，机载环境比风洞环境更为复杂，空中飞行比风洞试验的检测难度更大。本项目重点研究几十米大视场的变形检测方法，以及空中飞行环境下对气流、光线、振动、拍摄倾斜角等的各种抗干扰和补偿方法，为大型飞机的研制和生产提供真实的空中飞行数据。

项目组完成了该项目规定的研究任务和各项目标。本项目基于三维数字图像相关理论，结合工业近景摄影测量技术，利用放置在飞机上的多组工业相机，拍摄飞机空中飞行时机翼的变形视频图像，通过标志点和散斑图案解算出机翼三维全场动态变形和应变数据。本项目通过仿真实验，测量分析了采用大展弦比和柔性机翼设计的大型飞机在空中飞行时机翼三维变形数据。建立了测量误差模型，深入研究了大型飞机机翼变形测量的相机标定模型和算法，实现了大型机翼测量的大视场多相机标定及飞行中测量相机实时校正算法，大大提高了大型飞机飞行过程中机翼三维变形测量精度。针对飞行过程中复杂测量环境，研究了机翼全场变形解算方法，提出了新的斜光轴弱相关散斑匹配算法，实现了机翼变形测量的散斑匹配算法、散斑三维重建算法、多组相机测量数据的统一。.实验结果显示：本项目为大型飞机的研制和生产提供了真实的空中飞行数据。项目完成后，已成功用于中国飞行试验研究院飞机机翼测量，为飞机飞行过程中的机翼变形测量提供了有效手段，且与传统方法相比优势明显。本项目取得大量研究成果，超额完成项目规定的预期成果目标。共发表了学术论文21篇，其中SCI论文12篇，EI论文4篇，中文核心5篇。申请发明专利5项（其中授权2项）。培养毕业研究生21人，未毕业研究生24人。以第一完成人身份获得国家技术发明二等奖1项。