南疆枣农间作模式下农田土壤养分时空特征及效应研究

In 2011 the fruit tree planting area of South of Xinjiang has reached 1400 ten thousand acreages，of which the jujube cultivation area has reached 560 ten thousand acreages. Traditional planting model is gradually transforming into the fruit crop intercropping model.Domestic and foreign researchers to carry out extensive research for temporal-spatial characteristics in soil nutrients of field ，forestry，animal husbandry and agroforestry systems. However,the study on soil nutrient content , spatial-temporal variability characteristic and effect under the intercropping model which has new farming systems and fertilization methods is rare. This study selected the soil of jujube-crops intercropping system which is typical in southern border and has different planting years ,temporal and spatial regularity of the soil nutrient dynamics change as the starting point.Adopting the method of space to replace time, combined with positioning monitoring and using geographic information technology and other means to carry out temporal variation regularity of jujube-crops intercropping, soil nutrient response to years of the date-palm plantation. Analyzing spatial distribution pattern of soil nutrients ,inter-annual dynamic characteristics and the relationship of space and time to reveal the evolution of soil fertility quality.Illustrating the interaction between fruit trees and crops from the perspective of soil nutrients to provide basic data and methods so as to reveal the agroforestry systems of soil ecological functions, provide a theoretical basis for studying soil environmental health and sustainable development.

2011年新疆南疆果树种植面积已达1400万亩，其中红枣种植面积达560万亩，传统大田种植模式逐渐转变为果农间作模式。国内外研究者针对大田、林牧及农林系统的土壤养分时空变异特征开展了大量研究，但对新的耕作制度、施肥方式下的果农间作模式的农田土壤养分含量分布、时空变异特征及其效应的研究少见报道。本研究选取南疆典型不同种植年限的枣农间作（枣棉、枣麦）土壤作为研究对象，以土壤养分动态变化的时空规律性研究为切入点，采用空间代时间的方法，结合定位监测，借助地理信息技术等手段，开展枣农间作模式土壤养分时空变异规律、土壤养分对枣树种植年限的响应程度等方面研究，分析土壤养分空间格局、年际动态变化特征，及其对时空的相关关系，进而揭示土壤肥力质量演变趋势。从土壤养分的角度来说明果树与农作物间的相互作用关系情况，从而为揭示农林复合系统土壤的生态功能提供基础数据和方法，为研究区土壤环境健康可持续发展提供理论基础。

对南疆果农间作模式下农田土壤养分时空特征及效应进行研究，从土壤养分的角度来说明果树与农作物间的相互作用关系情况，从而为揭示农林复合系统土壤的生态功能提供基础数据和方法，为研究区土壤环境健康可持续发展提供理论基础。开展枣农间作模式土壤养分时空变异规律、土壤养分对枣树种植年限的响应程度研究，分析土壤养分空间格局、年际动态变化特征，及其对时空的相关关系，揭示出土壤肥力质量演变趋势。本研究选取南疆典型不同种植年限的枣农间作（枣棉、枣麦）土壤作为研究对象，以土壤养分动态变化的时空规律性研究为切入点，采用空间代时间的方法，结合定位监测，借助地理信息技术等手段进行研究表明，枣农间作土壤全氮和速效氮含量随着种植年限的增加（2-4年间）呈现下降趋势，其他养分表现不一；全氮、有机质、速效氮与种植年限呈负相关，有效磷、速效钾与种植年限呈正相关；土壤养分与枣树水平距离均呈负相关；枣棉间作养分竞争力随着种植年份的增加而减小；枣麦间作养分竞争力随着种植年份的增加而增大。