钝感炸药爆轰与约束介质的斜相互作用研究

The insensitive high explosives (IHE) are being paid special attentions in the defense engineering due to theirs excellent safety. Comparing with sensitive high explosives, IHE have the lower detonation speed and the wider chemical reaction zone, so a propagating detonation wave in IHE is much vulnerable to the confinement material. The paper aims at investigating the oblique interactions between the detonation of IHE and the confinement material by means of an improved shock polar theory and a numerical method of Lagrangian hydrodynamics with the phenomenological chemical reaction model..The main content includes:.(1) The improved shock polar theory is constituted. The traditional shock polar theory adopted the CJ model, and the equation of state (EOS) used was an ideal gas or D-u shock relation. The improved shock polar theory adopts the ZND model of detonation, and the unreacted explosives adopts EOS in the form of JWL, and the confinement material adopts EOS with p(ρ,T) expression..(2) The confinement types are categorized by the improved shock polar theory. If the sonic velocity of the confinement material is less than the CJ velocity of an explosive, the shock polar theory can be utilized. In general, there are several types of interactions that give a "match" of the pressure and streamline-deflection across the interface between IHE and confinement material..(3) A two-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamic method with classic or modified three-term Lee-Tarver rate law is used to numerically simulate all types of confinement interactions. The important characters of confinement material include: compressibility, thickness, the representative assembled layers, such as iron-beryllium (iron close to the explosive) and incidence angle of the leading shock front. The precursor wave phenomenon in special confinement material and the precompression effect in an unreacted explosive are given a significant interest..(4) The edge angles of detonation for DSD technique are ascertained by means of the theory and the numerical method. The relations of the edge angles to compressibility, thickness, the representative assembled layers and incidence angle would be fitted into the experience curves..The investigating harvests help to strengthen our understandings about detonation physics,consequently, to heighten our design level about military weapons.

钝感炸药在国防工业中获得日益重视。由于爆速较低和化学反应区较宽，钝感炸药爆轰传播更易受约束介质影响，本研究使用改进冲击波极曲线理论与带唯象化学率的Lagrange流体力学计算方法相结合的办法，力图揭示钝感炸药爆轰与约束介质的斜相互作用规律。（1）改进冲击波极曲线理论的建立。对采用的爆轰模型和凝聚介质状态方程进行改进。（2）用改进冲击波极曲线理论对斜相互作用进行分类。（3）用带经典或修正的三项式Lee-Tarver化学反应率的Lagrange数值方法模拟斜相互作用。考察的影响因素有：1）不同的介质压缩性；2）不同的介质厚度；3）钢-铍组合介质的约束（钢邻近炸药）；4）不同的平面冲击入射角。包括约束介质的前驱波现象和炸药的预压效应。（4）理论与数值模拟结合来确定DSD方法的爆轰冲击边缘角。找出边缘角与约束介质物性、厚度、典型组合约束、平面冲击入射角等因素的关系。研究成果有助于提高武器设计水平。

钝感炸药在国防工业中获得日益重视。由于爆速较低和化学反应区较宽，钝感炸药爆轰传播更易受约束介质性质影响，本研究使用改进冲击波极曲线理论与带唯象化学率的Lagrange流体力学计算方法相结合的办法，力图揭示钝感炸药爆轰与约束介质的斜相互作用规律。本项目的主要研究内容及重要结果有：1）改进冲击波极曲线理论的建立。传统的冲击波极曲线理论中的爆轰波极曲线基于爆轰Chapman-Jouguet模型，并且爆轰产物和约束介质通常采用完全气体等简单形式状态方程，本项目使用的冲击波极曲线理论中的爆轰波极曲线基于爆轰ZND模型，并且未反应固体炸药和爆轰产物采用Jones-Wilkins-Lee形式状态方程，约束介质采用p(ro,T)形式状态方程。2）带唯象化学反应率的单元中心型Lagrange流体力学数值计算方法的建立。传统的凝聚炸药爆轰数值模拟采用交错网格型Lagrange方法，本项目使用新提出的具有良好守恒性且避免使用人工粘性的单元中心型Lagrange方法。3）钝感炸药爆轰与约束介质的斜相互作用类型划分。改进冲击波极曲线理论与唯象化学反应率数值模拟相结合，由介质压缩性的不同给出约束作用方式共有七种：其中六种出现在约束介质的声速小于炸药CJ爆速的条件下，它们具有定常结构；另外一种出现在约束介质的声速大于炸药CJ爆速的条件下，它具有非定常结构。4）钝感炸药爆轰与约束介质的斜相互作用机理考察。通过数值模拟方法，给出了约束介质的如下性质对炸药爆轰的影响规律：介质压缩性、介质厚度、组合方式，同时给出了入射爆轰波角度对约束介质冲击压缩特性的影响规律。5）适用于DSD（Detonation Shock Dynamics）方法的爆轰冲击边缘角的确定。给出爆轰冲击边缘角与约束介质物性、厚度、钢-铍典型组合介质约束、平面冲击入射角等相关因素的关系，并拟合成DSD方法适用的表达式。本项目的研究成果推动了化学反应流体力学、爆轰物理学、爆轰数值模拟方法等方面的学术水平，也加深了钝感炸药爆轰物理机理的认识，同时提高了钝感炸药在相关工程领域的应用能力。