指向性深水低频球形复合棒换能器研究

In order to satisfy the urgent requirement of scientific research and equipment development in deep ocean, the development of deep-water underwater acoustic transducers is greatly promoted. How to still maintain good and stable performance of transducer under high hydrostatic pressure is one of the research issues in deep-water transducer. In this project, the novel spherical tonpilz transducer with a new idea of pressure structure is proposed and studied for its application requirements of deep-water and directivity in low-frequency. Based on the new underwater acoustics passive materials with low impedance and high pressure-resisted and the new type pressure balance structure, the composite pressure-resisted and acoustic structure is designed and analyzed. The pressure structure and its design parameters are studied to calculated the influence on the intrinsic vibration characteristics and electro-acoustic performances of transducer. The key technical problems on design and process of composite pressure structure are investigated. Based on its structures and vibration modes, the principle and method of directivity in low-frequency are studied. According to the results of theoretical analysis and experiments, the prototype of an innovative directional deep-water low-frequency spherical tonpilz transducer is developed and tested. By researching this project, it is expected that a more effective analysis method for improving the performances of deep-water transducer will be established and gained.

深海科学研究和装备发展的迫切需求推动了深水水声换能器技术的发展。深水换能器技术的研究难点之一是在承受高静水压力条件下换能器工作性能稳定良好。针对深水工作和低频指向性发射的应用需求，本项目提出新型深水换能器结构——球形复合棒换能器及其耐压结构的设计思想，基于新型低声学阻抗耐压材料和新型压力平衡结构设计复合耐压声学结构，研究换能器耐压结构及其设计参数对换能器的本征振动和电声性能的影响，研究复合耐压声学结构设计和工艺实现等关键技术，研究新结构换能器的低频指向性工作原理和实现方式，在理论分析和试验研究基础上，研制指向性深水低频球形复合棒换能器，寻求提高深水换能器工作性能的设计方法。

深海科学研究和装备发展的迫切需求推动了深水换能器技术的发展。针对深水工作和低频指向性发射的应用背景，本项目提出新型指向性深水低频球形换能器理论模型。利用等效电路法和有限元方法建立换能器的数值模型，进行振动模态分析和电声特性计算，研究了换能器耐压结构及其设计参数对换能器电声性能的影响，掌握了复合耐压声学结构设计和工艺实现等关键技术，研究了新结构换能器的低频指向性工作原理和实现方式。研制了一个新型球形换能器样机，测试结果显示水中谐振频率为750Hz，最大声源级达到198dB以上，结构承压达到15MPa，可以实现全向发射、偶极子发射和低频心形指向性发射，低频心形指向性发射时谐振频率处前后声压比达到-29.7dB。该研究进一步丰富了低频指向性发射换能器类型和深水换能器类型，研制的新型球形换能器样机可用于低频主动声纳和深海科学研究设备中，具有较高的应用价值。