鄂尔多斯盆地与煤共生多种金属元素的富集机理与分布规律

In recent years, many metal concentrations have been reported in coals or in coal-bearing strata, reaching levels even higher than their minimum mining grade in the Ordos Basin (Dai et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2012). Especially, Al, Li，Ga and REEs concentrations have been found in Coal Seam 6 of Jungar Coalfield, Ordos Basin (Dai et al., 2006, 2008). Sun et al. (2012) have found that the Li contents have reached an economic grade, in which the average Li content is 264 mg/kg and the highest Li content reaches 710 mg/kg in the Guanbanwusu Mine, Jungar Coalfield. The total Li reserves have reached 2406600 tons, that is, 5157000 ton Li2O in the No. 6 seam in the Jungar Coalfield. It can be utilized as an associated Li deposits in coal seams according to DZ/T 0203-2002. In the Huanglong coalfield, southeastern margin of Ordos Basin, Ga contents reach 89 ppm (Li, 1993; and also our data); In the Huating Basin, southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin, the average Ga contentsw reaches 26 ppm; In the Meihua Coal Mine, western margin of the Ordos Basin, U content reaches 200 ppm. Theirfore, the concentration mechanisms of these elements should be studied. For example, more trace element concentration data should be given in order to know that the metal concentrations are in whole seam or only in some samples? What are the metal bearing minerals? The metal concentrations are related to inorganic matter or organic matter?.Several metal concentrations in one coalfield of same basin have not been reported until now. This study may find a new mode of multi-metal concentrations in one coalfield of a same basin. .References.Dai S. F., Ren D. Y., Chou C.-L., Li S. S. and Jiang Y. F. (2006) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 6 Coal (Pennsylvanian) inthe Jungar Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China. International Journal of Coal Geology 66, 253–270..Dai S. F., Li D., Chou C.-L., Zhao L., Zhang Y., Ren D. Y., Ma Y. and Sun Y. (2008) Mineralogy and geochemistry of boehmite-rich coals: new insights from the Haerwusu Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. International Journal of Coal Geology 74, 185–202. .Sun Y. Z., Zhao C. L. Li Y. H., Wang J. X. and Liu S. M. (2012) Li distribution and mode of occurrences in Li-bearing coal seam #6 from the Guanbanwusu Mine, Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Energy Exploration & Exploitation 30(1), 109-130. .Li Heming, Fei Shuying and Wang Sujuan, 1993. Study of Inorganic Geochemistry of the coals from the Jurassic, Ordos Basin. Geological Publishing, Beijing, Pp. 204.

近期研究发现在鄂尔多斯盆地准格尔、黄陇、华亭等煤田煤中形成多处锂镓铝和稀土的超常富集，这些金属元素在有些矿区具有经济利用价值。这些煤田分布在盆地边缘，煤中金属元素富集很可能受盆地形成和演化控制，具有成因关系。因此，很有必要对其进行综合深入研究。本课题拟选择准格尔、黄陇、华亭、宁东煤田为代表，采用煤地质学、矿床学、地球化学等学科的理论和方法，研究鄂尔多斯盆地煤中锂镓铝和稀土的来源、赋存状态、富集时间、主控因素和富集机理，探讨有机与无机、金属与非金属矿产同盆共存的形成机理等重大科学问题。目前同一盆地煤中伴生锂镓铝和稀土同时超常富集的矿床还未见报道。此项研究不仅对发现新型的矿产资源具有重要意义，而且对指导能源矿产和伴生金属矿产综合勘探和开发也具有重大经济意义，有可能在伴生矿床成矿模式，在揭示多种矿产同盆共存的形成机理等重大科学问题方面取得创新成果。此项研究对建立保证我国矿产安全体系也具有重要意义。

锂和镓是当代通讯、计算机、宇宙开发、军工等行业所需的新技术支撑材料。在鄂尔多斯盆地准格尔、黄陇、华亭等煤田煤中形成多处锂镓铝和稀土的超常富集，这些金属元素在有些矿区具有经济利用价值。本课题选择了准格尔、黄陇、华亭、宁东煤田为代表，采用煤地质学、矿床学、地球化学等学科的理论和方法，研究了鄂尔多斯盆地煤中锂镓铝和稀土的来源、赋存状态 、富集时间、主控因素和富集机理，探讨了有机与无机、金属与非金属矿产同盆共存的形成机理等重大科学问题。首次提出了锂在煤中富集成矿的概念，发现了鄂尔多斯盆地煤中伴生锂镓铝和稀土同时超常富集的伴生矿床，同时发现了盆地南部煤中超常富集的钡，研究了盆地西南部煤中铀的富集机理。提出了鄂尔多斯盆地伴生矿床三阶段成矿模式，在揭示多种矿产同盆共存的形成机理等重大科学问题方面取得创新成果。此项研究不仅对发现新型的矿产资源具有重要意义，而且对指导能源矿产和伴生金属 矿产综合勘探和开发也具有重大经济意义。此项研究对建立保证我国矿产安全体系也具有重要意义.项目顺利完成了设计书中的各项研究内容，达到了预期目标。发表期刊论文22篇，其中SCI检索论文20篇，EI检索论文7篇，其中中科院分区1区论文1篇，二区论文5篇；获得发明专利5项。获得河北省自然科学一等奖一项、山西省技术发明三等奖一项、教育部科技进步二等奖一项、中国煤炭学会科技进步二等奖一项。项目研究成果获得由中国地质学会组织的、由院士投票选出的“2015年地学十大科技进展”。2017年研究团队获评教育部 “全国首批黄大年式教师团队”。依托项目培养博士3名，硕士12名，并有一人获得中国地质学会金锤奖。