聚阳离子棉“诱导吸附”印染废水中水溶性染料的机制研究

Focusing on the efficient, safe, and rapid purification of dyeing waste water, we carried out a lot of the previous works based on the combination of polycationic materials and water pollution control, and successfully developed a mutifunctional polycationic cotton adsorbent (PC-cotton) with the characteristics of high efficiency, instant purification, zero emission, low cost, and recyclability for purifying dyeing waste water. Moreover, the simulation enlarge application on the 100 kg order of waster-water purification was further realized. In the field, we published 9 SCI papers (including the JCR top Zone 2), authorized 3 patents for inventions, and won two national 2nd prizes in Academic Challenge Cup and 2 national bronze awards in the Entrepreneurship Challenge Cup and Internet Plus of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition. This project will further build PC-cotton molecular model library based on the basis of the previous works, and compare the structure-activity relationships and control principle of molecular and micro-structures for purifying waste water. The mechanism of PC-cotton inducing adsorption will be deeply explored, for breaking through the macroscopical understanding of purifying waste water in the material field. In addition, the desorption mechanism is discussed for investigating the recyclability of PC-cotton adsorbent, and the technical strategy of converting the desorption concentrate to the new energy is also designed, to eliminate the secondary pollution of waste water, liquid, and slag. This research will provide a new theoretical basis for the wide application of this new PC-cotton material in the waste water purification.

申请人以印染废水的高效、安全及快速净化为重点，将聚阳离子材料与水污染控制相结合，积累扎实的工作基础，成功研制一种净水效率高、即刻净水、源头净水（零排放）、综合成本低及可循环利用的多功能聚阳离子棉基吸附剂（PC-cotton），实现了其对100 kg量级废水净化的模拟放大应用。在该领域发表JCR二区top等SCI论文9篇，授权发明专利3项，获学术挑战杯全国二等奖2项，还获创业挑战杯和互联网+大赛全国铜奖共2项。本项目将在已有工作基础上，系统建立PC-cotton分子模型库，比较研究其分子和微观结构与净水性能的构效关系及控制原理。突破材料领域关于废水净化的宏观表面认识，深入探究PC-cotton的聚阳离子诱导吸附机理。从材料的脱附机理角度探讨PC-cotton循环利用的价值，且设计将脱附浓缩液转为新能源的技术策略，以最终杜绝废水（液、渣）二次污染。为该新材料在废水净化中的广泛应用提供理论基础。

印染废水已成为我国工业废水的主要排放源之一，本项目以印染废水净化需求的发展新趋势为导向，选择来源广泛、环保无毒以及可塑性强的天然高分子棉材料为基础，通过分子和微观结构改性，实现棉的高度阳离子化，赋予其对染料的高吸附特性，以此强化对印染废水的净化处理。首先，合成构建了反应性较高阳离子度接枝棉、聚阳离子棉、长链烷基化聚阳离子棉、多维聚阳离子化棉及远程诱导性聚阳离子化棉等5个系列高阳离子度棉基吸附剂材料。用于对印染废水的吸附净化时，所得高阳离子度棉基吸附剂的吸附容量是未处理棉的145.2-2702.7倍，也是常用活性炭吸附剂材料的15.7-292.2倍。其次，以聚阳离子棉作为新的分子探针，揭示各类聚阳离子结构在棉表面上的吸附行为及其对去除水中染料的影响规律，分别建立了静电“诱导”吸附、表面活性化吸附、凝胶化吸附及“远程”诱导吸附等系列化特色的吸附机制理论模型，均为首次报道，为解决目前印染废水净化中存在的难点问题提供一定的指导依据。再次，研究了聚阳离子棉废渣的脱附再生工艺、回用性能、脱附动-热力学影响理论及脱附浓缩液的绿色处理方法（自净化或高级氧化分解）等，以此杜绝废渣（液）的深度污染。相关研究成果，以项目负责人为唯一通讯作者，本项目为第一标注，在《npj Clean Water》（Nature伙伴期刊）、《Journal of Cleaner Production》、《Cellulose》等知名国际期刊发表SCI英文论文10篇，在国内权威期刊《环境科学研究》发表高质量中文论文1篇；以项目负责人为第一发明人，授权中国发明专利2项；并获得学术“挑战杯”（科技发明类）全国特别一等奖1项。