基于磁致伸缩/压电多场耦合效应的瞬态磁场传感机理及技术研究

Magnetoelectric/piezoelectric composite has drawn wide attentions for the promising applications in magnetic sensing devices. However, under the transient magnetic field, the mechanism of magnetic-force-electric multi-field nonlinear coupling of composite is not clear, and is in an complex mapping relationship with the transient magnetic field parameters, their working modes, and external constraints. Consequently, there are many scientific problems to be solved. Based on the requirements of transient magnetic field measurement in the power system for new principles, new materials and new components, this project attempts to study the transient magnetic field sensing mechanism and technology based on the magnetostrictive/piezoelectric multi-field coupling effect. It focus on clarifying the mapping relation between the transient magnetic field parameters and the transient magnetoelectric response characteristic of the composite, and making sure the key technical indexes of transient magnetic field sensing of composite. Additionally, the influence of the bias magnetic field and mechanical constraint on the transient response of the material will be revealed, and then the transient performance control method of multi-factor coordination will be proposed. At the same time, combining the simulation and theoretical deduction, the interaction mechanism of transient magnetoelectric effect by the strain/stress media and the causality of various parameters (magnetic-force-electricity) will be revealed. The research results will provide theoretical and experimental basis for the using of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites in the field of transient magnetic field detection, which is basic and universal, and can meet the urgent demand of power system in the background of Energy-Internet for high-performance transient magnetic sensors.

磁致伸缩/压电复合材料在磁场探测领域极具应用前景，引起了研究者们的普遍关注。然而，瞬态磁场激励下材料的磁-力-电多场非线性耦合机理尚未明确，与瞬态磁场参数、自身工作模态、外部约束条件等因素呈现复杂的映射关系，其中蕴含着诸多科学问题有待解决。本项目立足于电力系统瞬态磁场监测对新原理、新材料和新元件的需求，开展基于磁致伸缩/压电多场耦合效应的瞬态磁场传感机理及技术研究。重点阐明瞬态磁场参数与材料磁电响应特性的映射关系，明确材料瞬态磁场传感关键技术指标；揭示外部约束条件对材料瞬态响应影响规律，提出多因素协调作用的瞬态磁电性能调控方法；通过仿真和理论推导相结合的方法揭示以应变/应力为媒介的瞬态磁电效应相互作用机理、各种参量（磁-力-电）的因果关系。研究成果将为复合材料在瞬态磁场检测领域提供理论基础和实验依据，具有基础性和通用性，以期能满足能源互联网背景下的电力系统对高性能瞬态磁传感器的迫切需求。

本项目针对磁致伸缩/压电复合材料在瞬态激励下的磁电耦合效应开展研究，以Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9/PZT/Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9叠层复合材料、Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D叠层复合材料、FeGa/PZT圆柱形复合材料为对象，研究了材料瞬态磁电效应与瞬态激励参数、材料自身工作模态、外部约束条件等的复杂映射关系。已按计划任务书完成了研究目标：1）以方波电流、瞬态小电流、8/20μs雷电流为激励，产生不同瞬态磁场；研究了瞬态激励电流/磁场幅值、宽度等参数变化对磁致伸缩/压电复合材料磁电响应的影响，明确了复合材料作为瞬态电流/磁场传感器的技术指标，明确了复合材料的磁电电压阻尼振荡现象与瞬态磁场参数、材料本征频率有关；研究表明磁致伸缩/压电复合材料可用于瞬态磁场峰值、宽度测量。2）研究了外部偏置磁场对磁致伸缩/压电复合材料瞬态传感特性的影响，通过改变外部偏置磁场，可以有效调控材料的瞬态磁电响应。3）采用拉压力试验机施加外部力学约束，研究了力学约束对磁致伸缩/压电复合材料瞬态磁电响应的影响机理，证明了其对材料阻尼振荡的有效调控，为磁致伸缩/压电复合材料作为瞬态电流/磁场传感器应用提供了设计依据。4）借助有限元仿真软件，分析了磁致伸缩/压电复合材料的基本磁电性能，分析了其在瞬态小电流、8/20μs雷电流激励下的瞬态磁电性能，仿真结果与实验结论一致。5）针对电力监测需要，基于磁致伸缩/压电复合材料，构建了自供电无线监测系统，实现了电流/磁场的远程无线测量。在本项目的资助下，在国际期刊发表SCI检索论文10篇，国内期刊发表论文5篇，申请了8项国家发明专利；培养博士研究生1名，硕士研究生培养6名。