几种獐牙菜属植物的化学计量特征及其对环境因子的响应

Many Swertia species have chemical properties that have the potential to make a significant contribution to the medical sciences. Due to the loss of their natural habitat and unlimited exploration the species S. davidii and S. mileensis are becoming rare. Other species of Swertia, with less interesting chemical properties, are being used as inferior substitutes. The phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants, fundamental to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), vary with the geographical distribution of the species. In this project, the distribution of the various populations of S. davidii , S. mileensis and S. angustifolia will be mapped and comprehensively sampled. The spectra of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the different populations will be gathered and the effective chemical constituents will be determined. Chemometric methods will be used to interpret the species, their geographic origins and quality evaluation. Using regression modeling based on the variation of chemical components, species distribution and environmental.parameters, the key factors influencing chemical variation in these plants will be determined. An understanding of why the chemistry of these plants varies in relation to environmental parameters will also be discussed and be tested. The results of this study will not only provide a strong theoretical basis to promote the protection and productive utilization of Swertia, but will also serve as an example for quality evaluation of other medical plants. Understanding the effective chemical constituents variation and patterns of distribution of these species is necessary to optimize their use for medicinal purposes through artificial cultivation as well as help minimize further genetic erosion.

龙胆科獐牙菜属植物具有重要的药用价值，川东獐牙菜、青叶胆现存资源极少，常以其他獐牙菜属植物替代、混用入药，导致药材品质参差不一。药材品质主要取决于药用植物体内化学成分含量，易受环境影响，具明显的地域性特征。本项目拟对川东獐牙菜、青叶胆、狭叶獐牙菜不同种群进行生境调查和资源采集，采用HPLC和FT-IR指纹图谱技术构建指纹图谱，结合不同种群指标性化学成分含量，以化学计量学方法对来源明确的三种獐牙菜属植物寻找种间区别、对同物种进行产地鉴别及质量评价；通过建立化学成分含量变异与环境因子间的回归模型，分析影响其化学成分含量变化的主导环境因子，以冀揭示其化学成分对环境因子变化的响应机制，并进行初步验证。研究结果可为药用植物的鉴别、替代、质量评价提供研究实例，对其它药用植物资源评价提供参考和借鉴，同时为三种药用獐牙菜属植物将来种质资源保护，减少遗传丧失提供基础数据，为引种栽培和大规模种植提供理论基础。

龙胆科獐牙菜属植物具有重要的药用价值，川东獐牙菜、青叶胆现存资源极少，常以其他獐牙菜属植物替代、混用入药，从形态上难以鉴别。本研究对川东獐牙菜、青叶胆、狭叶獐牙菜、西南獐牙菜、紫红獐牙菜不同种群进行生境调查和资源采集，采集5种獐牙菜属植物不同部位（根、茎、叶）样品的傅里叶变换红外光谱信息，原始数据经标准正态变量、多元散射校正、平滑、一阶导数、二阶导数、三阶导数等预处理后建立偏最小二乘判别分析和支持向量机模型，PLS-DA和SVM模型均能准确鉴别5种獐牙菜属植物，以MSC+SG+2D预处理效果最佳。采用红外光谱和超高效液相色谱数据融合鉴别5种獐牙菜属植物，以SNV+SG+2D组合对FTIR数据进行预处理，R2Y和Q2最大，分别为91.2%和81.4%，所有类别被正确区分，为最佳预处理；HCA反映了5种獐牙菜属植物样品分类情况与亲缘关系，除紫红獐牙菜外，其余4种獐牙菜植物均分类正确，准确率为93.1%，青叶胆、川东獐牙菜、紫红獐牙菜与西南獐牙菜亲缘关系较近；基于FTIR、UPLC、低级和中级数据融合策略建立RF判别模型，样品错判总数分别为1、5、1、0，中级数据融合效果最佳，所有样品均正确分类，所建模型性能良好。采用超高效液相色谱测定湖南、湖北、四川等地区川东獐牙菜中3种主要环烯醚萜类（獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苷）及1种口山酮类（芒果苷）化学成分的含量，结合从世界气候数据库获得的生态因子数据，进行相关性分析。不同产地川东獐牙菜活性成分含量差异显著，重庆市产地川东獐牙菜中的獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和芒果苷含量最高。川东獐牙菜獐牙菜苦苷、芒果苷和龙胆苦苷与生态因子具有显著的相关性，对3种化学成分影响最大的生态因子是最干月降水。构建优化了川东獐牙菜、显脉獐牙菜的高效再生体系。研究结果为獐牙菜属植物资源开发与质量控制提供理论基础。