矿用高压低速大扭矩径向柱塞摆缸式高水基马达设计理论及关键技术

For low speed large torque mine hydraulic motor which has characteristics of high pressure, low speed and high torque, a radial swiveling cylinder and high water-based hydraulic motor with distributing valve groups is put forward investigated. In this motor, the structure of radial swiveling cylinder is adopted, the friction pair between piston and crankshaft is designed to a static pressure support structure. By using self-balancing type and high-low pressure distributing valve group in the flow distribution of motor, the motor can run in different direction, and problems such as the wear and leakage caused by the general plate valve in traditional piston water motor and unsuitable for high pressure low speed system can be overcome. In this study, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experiment are combined. The mechanical dynamics model and fluid dynamics model of distributing valve group and critical friction pair are established. The performance parameters of high water-based hydraulic motor will be optimized by simulation methods, meanwhile, the characteristic parameters of distributing valve group and the swiveling cylinder piston pair will be optimized. Furthermore, the research will focus on the fluid dynamics of distributing valve group in the condition of high pressure and low speed, and lubricating and fatigue properties of the friction between piston and cylinder and the friction pair between piston and crankshaft in different high water-based lubrication conditions and different working conditions. Through this project, the design method in high water-based hydraulic motor and the key technical problems can be solved preliminarily, and a high water-based hydraulic motor which can be used in high pressure, low speed and high torque operation condition is developed. Finally, this research will lay the product research foundation for high water-based hydraulic motor.

针对矿用低速大扭矩高水基液压马达具有的高压、低速、大扭矩等工况特点和应用需求，提出研究一种阀配流径向柱塞摆缸式高水基液压马达及其关键技术。该马达采用径向柱塞摆缸式结构，柱塞与曲轴支承摩擦副为静压支承。马达采用新型自平衡式高低压配流阀组配流，彻底解决了一般高水基柱塞马达采用盘式配流所导致的磨损、泄漏、不适用于高压、低速运行等问题。采用理论分析、特性仿真和实验相结合的方法，研究建立高水基马达的配流阀组、关键摩擦副的机械和流体动力学模型，研究优化高水基马达的性能参数，优化配流阀组、柱塞摆缸副及柱塞曲轴支承副的特性参数，研究高压、低转速条件下配流阀组的流体动力学特性，并重点研究揭示柱塞摆缸摩擦副及柱塞曲轴支承副在高水基介质润滑条件、高压低转速工况下的润滑和磨损特性。项目研究目标拟初步解决高压低速大扭矩径向柱塞摆缸式高水基马达设计方法及关键技术问题，为高压低速大扭矩高水基马达产品研发奠定基础。

针对低速大扭矩、高水基特殊工况，研究设计了阀配流结构的摆缸式曲轴柱塞低速大扭矩高水基马达和阀配流内曲线式径向柱塞高水基马达。从马达配流阀组、摆缸副、柱塞副三个方面开展了理论分析与实验研究：分析了高水基配流阀的结构与工况，研究了不同压力、开启频率下配流阀的配流特性，获得了满足高水基马达配流性能的配流阀；基于马达摆轴副工况，分析了摆轴副润滑水膜的流态与泄漏特性，揭示了摆轴副水润滑机理与承载特性，获得了更易形成润滑水膜的摆轴副结构；研究了柱塞摆缸副工作中的泄漏特性，确定了柱塞摆缸副的密封形式；研究了柱塞滑靴副的支承形式与水润滑摩擦机理，探索了高水基介质的柱塞滑靴副配对材料与结构，揭示了柱塞滑靴-曲轴副的润滑性能与摩擦机理，解决了低速大扭矩高水基马达摩擦副的磨损泄漏问题，获得了适用于低速大扭矩高水基马达的摆缸-柱塞-曲轴副结构，能够改善低速大扭矩高水基马达的容积效率、使用寿命和可靠性，并试制了阀配流摆缸式曲轴柱塞高水基马达。在本项目研究成果的基础上，开展了低速大扭矩阀配流内曲线式径向柱塞高水基马达设计及其关键技术的研究，对阀配流内曲线径向柱塞马达样机进行了试制。在本项目的资助下，发表论文9篇，其中SCI检索6篇，申请或授权发明专利4件，培养硕士博士共6名。本项目中获得的配流阀组、柱塞滑靴副、摆轴副、柱塞摆缸副及材料配对的设计参数和相关结论，对低速大扭矩高水基马达的设计与研制提供了重要的理论支撑和技术参考，具有重要的工程应用价值和推广意义。