Traditional theory holds that the maternal factors originated from eggs (protein and RNA, etc.) are responsible for the regulation of development of early embryo, however, in recent years,the existence of paternal factors (now known to include RNA, nuclear matrix and chromatin of sperm) has been accepted gradually and the effects of sperm nuclear matrix and chromatin on the development of embryo have been confirmed.However ,the understanding and knowledge of the origin of sperm RNA and its fate and function in the embryo are relatively deficient.Based on previous dissertation research,we deduced that the exosomes may be one of the origins of sperm RNA and put forward the hypothesis of double origins of sperm RNA. Current project is conducted to confirm the hypothesis by comparative analysis of sperm transcriptome with RNA deep sequencing and study on the RNA transfering from exosomes to sperms. Then dynamic expression of sperm RNA in embryos is analyzed by real time quantitative PCR. Finally we will use intracytoplasmic sperm microscopic injection technology to research the influence of sperm RNA on pronuclear formation, DNA replication,genome acivation and developmental potential of embryo to assess the regulation of sperm RNA on the development of early embryo. The project will be expected to reveal the origination mechanism of sperm RNA, and it's fate in embryo, prove the potential genetic effects of sperm RNA on early embryos, facilitate the understanding of the regulation of embryonic development.
传统理论认为,卵子提供的母源因子(蛋白质和RNA等)负责动物早期胚胎发育的调控,近年来,父源因子(目前已知包括精子RNA、精子核基质和精子染色质)的存在已经逐渐得到认可,且精子核基质和精子染色质在胚胎发育中的调控作用也已经得到证实。但关于精子RNA的起源及其在胚胎中的命运和功能的理解和认识比较缺乏。申请人在前期的博士论文研究中发现,小囊泡体可能是精子RNA起源之一,并据此提出了精子RNA双重起源的假说。本项目拟通过精子转录组的RNA深度测序比较和小囊泡体与精子的RNA传递等研究进行起源假说验证;然后利用定量PCR技术研究精子RNA在胚胎中的消亡规律;再利用单精显微注射技术研究精子RNA对早期胚胎原核形成、DNA复制、基因组激活和胚胎发育潜力的影响,以评估其对早期胚胎发育的调控作用。预期成果对揭示精子RNA起源机制和消亡规律,证实精子RNA遗传效应的存在,加深理解胚胎发育调控机制有重要意义。
父源因子(目前已知包括精子RNA、精子核基质和精子染色质)的存在已经逐渐得到认可,且精子核基质和精子染色质在胚胎发育中的调控作用也已经得到证实。但关于精子RNA 的起源及其在胚胎中的命运和功能的理解和认识比较缺乏。本研究通过附睾精子、射出精子和精浆中的小RNA深度测序比较研究揭示了精子中富集7类小RNA类型,包括miRNAs和rRNA、tRNA、small nuclear RNA、7SK RNA、NRON RNA和cis-regulatory RNA衍生的小RNA,其中7SK RNA、NRON RNA和cis-regulatory RNA为首次在哺乳动物精子中发现的小RNA类型,研究首次证实猪精子RNA中不存在piRNA家族,并发现一类对胚胎发育有重要表观调控功能的tRNA衍生的小RNA的存在。研究发现精子部分小RNA种类(10-30%)与附睾精子和精浆存在重叠,而大部分小RNA (57.1-82.1%)种类为射出精子所特有,揭示精子小部分RNA起源于附睾精子和精浆,同时还存在其它多个起源。研究鉴定出了323个精子miRNA,大多miRNA在三个样品中共表达,但丰度存在较大差异,其中附睾中表达丰度最高。靶基因预测发现这些miRNA主要与精子发生、胚胎发育等功能有关。研究还系统揭示了精子mRNA特性,获得注释基因10371个,获得较好功能注释基因249个。研究同时进行了精子、MII卵子和4-8细胞胚胎和囊胚小RNA注释和表达特性研究,鉴定出45个精子特异miRNA,发现精子RNA在早期胚胎中主要呈现先降低再升高的表达规律。研究证实精子中精子黏附蛋白基因家族(Spermadhesin)RNA水平与精子获能、顶体反应和精子活力有关联,且精子RNA有无对胚胎的乙酰化和甲基化水平有影响,对胚胎早期发育重要功能基因POU5F1和CDX2表达有影响。研究结果初步证实了精子RNA多起源理论,揭示了精子RNA在早期胚胎中的表达特点,证实精子RNA对胚胎调控作用的存在。研究结果对加深理解精子RNA这一父源因子在动物生殖过程中的生物学功能有重要参考价值。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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