非接触牵引供电系统能量耗散机理与效率提升方法研究

Contactless Traction Power Supply (CTPS) technology is the development trend of the railway traction power supply system since it can avoid the safety and reliability problems caused by pantograph abrasion and catenary breakdown. However, it is faced with a serious problem of serious energy dissipation and low system efficiency, when it is applied in a railway transportation system with the characteristics of high-capacity impact load, high-speed moving vehicle, and complex environment. In order to improve the overall system efficiency, this project conducts the study of energy dissipation mechanism in a CTPS system according to the analysis of experimental results and the energy dissipation phenomenon. Based on two high-power experimental platforms (one 200 kW stationary contactless power supply system and one 40 kW online contactless power supply system), the energy dissipation phenomenon is analyzed by using the experimental data and an overall “locomotive-electrical circuit-magnetic circuit” model can then be established. The energy dissipation mechanism and its influencing factors in form of electrical circuit power loss and magnetic field power loss are fully studied. Furthermore, the overall system efficiency is able to be dynamically improved by adopting the proposed approaches, such as the dynamic control strategies, coupling mechanism optimization, and so on. By means of theoretical analysis, overall system simulations, and practical experiment, a comprehensive revelation of energy dissipation mechanism in a CTPS system can be achieved, which will make great contributions to significantly improving the system efficiency and further promoting CTPS`s application in railway transportation systems.

非接触牵引供电技术能彻底解决弓网受电磨损、接触网断线等安全可靠问题，是轨道交通供电的未来发展趋势。但由于轨道交通具有大功率冲击负荷、高速移动车体、复杂运行环境等特性，该技术面临着“能量耗散严重、效率提升困难”的瓶颈，其推广应用受到严重制约。为此，本项目以提升供电效率为目标，首次提出非接触牵引供电系统的能量耗散机理研究。基于自主构建的两套大型实验平台(200kW静止供电和40kW移动供电系统)，采集实时状态数据来分析能量耗散现象，并建立“机车-电路-磁路”全局联合模型；揭示非接触移动供电过程中电路能量损耗、磁路能量泄漏的产生机理、影响因素及相互作用机理；最终通过动态阻抗匹配和耦合机构优化等方法实现供电效率的提升。项目研究有望全面揭示非接触牵引供电系统的能量耗散机理、大幅提升非接触牵引供电技术的供电效率、大力推动该技术在轨道交通中的实际应用，为在设计阶段全局优化非接触牵引供电系统奠定理论基础。

非接触牵引供电系统存在“能量耗散严重、效率提升困难”的瓶颈问题。本项目以非接触牵引供电系统在动态过程中实现高效能量传输为目标，进行非接触牵引供电系统建模与能量耗散机理研究，探索基于电路参数动态控制、电磁耦合机构优化、磁场能量泄漏抑制的效率提升方法，具体包括：.1.系统模型与能量耗散机理研究：针对双发射-单拾取与单发射-双拾取系统进行建模，分析系统各部分能量损耗贡献率，提出了通过调节发射线圈/拾取线圈的电流分配比例以提升系统效率的方法。.2.电路参数动态优化控制：为提高非接触牵引供电系统的输出稳定性，提出了基于模型预测控制的动态最大效率跟踪控制方案，在优化系统响应速度的同时提高了系统效率；为解决无功元件参数漂移问题，提出采用一个额外电感作为系统的调谐电路，有效调节调谐电路阻抗以实现阻抗调节；针对基于输入并联-输出串联非接触电能传输系统进行分析，提出了一种基于紧凑型双边解耦耦合机构的输入并联-输出串联拓扑，并调节逆变器移相角以提升系统效率。.3.电磁耦合机构优化：为提升非接触牵引供电系统静态平面抗偏移能力，提出了一种基于串联第三线圈的非接触牵引供电系统，提升系统在水平面的抗偏移能力；为降低动态运行过程中互感波动引起的输出电压脉动，提出了一种基于三相发射线圈和双极性拾取线圈的动态非接触牵引供电系统，无需发射线圈产生均匀磁场，即可实现恒定电压输出。.4.外部磁路能量泄漏抑制：提出一种基于谐振式无功屏蔽的等效电感优化方法。以磁感应强度平方和最小为目标推导出最优电感表达式，优化影响最优电感的相关参数，进而达到目标面磁屏蔽效果最优的目的。.基于以上研究成果，研制了50km/h轨道车移动非接触牵引供电系统，将相关技术应用于国内首套500kW动态非接触牵引供电系统原理样机。开发软件2项，录用论文60篇，其中SCI检索38篇，EI检索22篇，获“长江学者奖励计划”青年学者、茅以升科学技术奖，授权发明专利12项，出版专著1部，培养博士生7名、硕士生10名。