长脉冲全金属壁托卡马克中不同偏滤器运行模式下的腐蚀与沉积研究

Erosion and deposition of the divertor directly influencing some critical issues, such as fuel retention, divertor lifetime and plasma performance, is one of the most concerned topics of future thermonuclear fusion reactors. This application proposes that real time and in situ measurements of the erosion and deposition evolution of the divertor are made by means of high-resolution and ultra-high temperature crystal microbalance diagnostic systems, analyzing the influence of divertor plasma parameters and detachment methods on erosion and deposition, investigating erosion and deposition under three different divertor operating scenarios (low recycling, high recycling and detachment) as well as the asymmetry of erosion and deposition of internal and external divertor target plates in the experimental advanced full superconducting tokamak (EAST). In combination with the divertor-relevant diagnostic systems such as spectrum for impurities monitoring, the large boundary Monte Carlo ERO code is used to illustrate the erosion and deposition laws of the divertor and physical mechanisms under different divertor operation scenarios. This application can not only provide reference for evaluating the divertor lifetime of EAST and optimizing divertor operation scenario, but also provide important scientific basis and data experience for long-pulse high-parameter and steady-state operation and control in ITER and future reactors under full metal wall environments.

偏滤器腐蚀与沉积直接影响到燃料粒子滞留、偏滤器使用寿命及等离子体性能，是未来热核聚变堆的关键问题之一。本申请拟在EAST托卡马克上，利用高分辨超高温晶体微天平诊断系统，原位实时测量偏滤器腐蚀和沉积情况，分析偏滤器等离子体参数和脱靶方式对腐蚀与沉积的影响，研究低再循环、高再循环及脱靶三种偏滤器运行模式下偏滤器腐蚀沉积规律以及内外偏滤器靶板腐蚀与沉积的不对称性；同时，结合重杂质光谱和偏滤器探针等相关诊断数据，采用大型蒙特卡罗ERO程序模拟相关物理过程，阐明不同偏滤器运行条件下偏滤器腐蚀与沉积的物理机制。本项研究不仅可为EAST优化偏滤器运行模式、评估偏滤器使用寿命提供参考，而且可为ITER及未来聚变堆全金属壁环境下稳态运行提供重要的科学积累和数据支撑。

面向等离子体材料(PFM)的腐蚀沉积将直接影响燃料粒子滞留、材料使用寿命以及等离子体性能，是未来热核聚变堆的关键问题之一。实时监测PFM的腐蚀沉积是研究其物理过程最为直接的手段。石英晶体微天平(QMB)基于石英晶体的压电效应，能够有效实现 PFM 净腐蚀与净沉积的原位实时测量。本课题依托于EAST托卡马克装置及其材料测试平台，发展了多套QMB测量系统，实现装置内不同位置PFM腐蚀与沉积的测量，深入分析了EAST实验期间辉光放电清洗、离子回旋清洗和锂化等不同壁处理方式下PFM腐蚀与沉积情况，系统研究了不同加热方式、等离子体密度、边界中性气压等参数对PFM腐蚀和沉积的影响，阐明了PFM 腐蚀与沉积的径向和环向分布情况，并揭示了不同等离子体放电条件下 PFM的腐蚀沉积规律。本项研究不仅可为EAST托卡马克边界物理研究提供最直接的实验数据，而且可为ITER及未来聚变堆全金属壁环境下稳态运行提供重要的科学积累和数据支撑。