基于叠前地震纹理分析的复杂储层识别机理和方法研究

Mining seismic reflection patterns in multi-dimensional pre-stack seismic data, and extracting pre-stack seismic texture parameters can make full use of the information(such as amplitude versus offset and/or azimuth) in pre-stack seismic data, and benefit the study on complex reservoir, especially unconventional reservoirs, and is of great significance to promote the development of refinement and quantitative characterization of complex reservoir. In this project, analyze the spatial distribution patterns and variation patterns of pre-stack seismic reflection amplitude in multidimensional space by causing different geological factors based primarily on seismic physical model data, and put forward a variety of pre-stack seismic texture feature extraction by using the several means of image processing and analysis for reference, and develop correlation analysis between pre-stack seismic texture feature and complex reservoir parameters by integrating a lot of information, such as geology, drilling, well-logging and so on, and implement the fine reservoir characterization and sedimentary facies identification. The innovation includes mainly: Mechanism of complex reservoir characterization using pre-stack seismic texture analysis, wide azimuth pre-stack noise attenuation methods for texture feature preservation, multi-dimensional and multi-resolution pre-stack texture feature extraction methods, redundancy analysis method for pre-stack seismic texture feature, adaptive correlation analysis method between pre-stack seismic texture feature and complex reservoir parameters, adaptive sedimentary facies identification using pre-stack seismic texture feature and so forth.

充分挖掘叠前多维地震数据中的地震反射模式，提取叠前地震纹理参数，可充分利用叠前数据中包含的振幅随偏移距和方位角变化等信息，有利于复杂储层特别是非常规储层的研究，对促进复杂储层预测向精细化、定量化发展具有重要意义。本研究以地震物理模型数据为依据，对不同地质现象产生的叠前地震反射振幅在多维空间中形成的分布模式和变化模式进行分析；借鉴图像处理和分析的若干手段，提出多种叠前地震纹理特征提取方法；综合利用地质、钻井、测井、开发等多元信息，开展叠前地震纹理特征与复杂储层参数之间的关联分析，实现基于叠前地震纹理分析的储层精细刻画和沉积相识别。主要创新包括：基于叠前地震纹理分析的复杂储层识别机理研究、纹理特征保持的宽方位角叠前地震噪声衰减方法、多维多分辨率叠前纹理特征提取方法技术系列、叠前地震纹理特征冗余度分析方法、叠前地震纹理特征参数与储层参数自适应关联分析方法、基于叠前纹理特征参数的沉积相划分方法等。

本项目以地震物理模型、数值模拟和多个实际宽方位角三维叠前地震数据为依据，主要研究内容包括基于叠前地震纹理分析的复杂储层识别机理、叠前纹理特征提取方法和叠前地震纹理特征综合应用方法。通过项目实施，完成了不同地质现象产生的叠前地震反射振幅在多维空间中形成的空间分布模式和空间模式的分析、叠前地震纹理分析的复杂储层识别机理研究、叠前地震纹理精细刻画复杂储层的陷阱研究，形成了多维多尺度叠前地震纹理特征提取方法，以及对提取的叠前地震纹理属性进行无监督聚类和半监督分类处理实现了利用叠前纹理属性定量刻画复杂储层和划分沉积相研究和用于约束地震反演和地质体分割方法研究。研究的系列方法技术在实际数据中的应用取得良好的效果，为钻井部署提供了有力科学依据。