农地经营权抵押贷款信贷约束检验与模式优化研究—基于农户分化视角

The innovative financial products-mortgage loan by using rural contracted land use rights, not only promote the development of various forms of appropriate scale management of agriculture, but also present the obvious differentiation of different kinds of rural-households and have remarkable credit constraints problem. study the degree and credit constraints of differentiation of rural-households land management right mortgage loan are getting more important to evaluate the land management rights mortgage pilot performance and further improve the rural financial reform. This project intends to from the perspective of the rural-households differentiation, use the theory of sustainable livelihoods assets to build rural-households differentiation index system, quantitative analysis the differentiation degree using the Factor Analysis, and use Logit model and Heckman model to test mutual influence between credit demand and credit constraints for realistic observation at the view of credit demander. According to different differentiation level and credit demand, some rural-households’ information will be taken as economic experiment samples. And combining with local rural financial institutes such as RCCs in sample districts, this project designs and performs economic experiment to test the linkage effects of farm households’ differentiation and rural formal credit constraints by using credit demand as a conductive medium at the view of credit supplier so that valuable research findings and effective policy recommendations will be obtained to innovate products and services of rural financial and enhance the rural financial efficiency based on two aspects of rural-households demand and financial supply.

以农地经营权抵押贷款为主的农村金融产品创新，在促进多种形式农业适度规模经营发展的同时，加剧了农户群体分化，研究农户分化程度及其信贷约束，对全面评价农地经营权抵押贷款支农绩效和进一步完善农地金融改革具有重要意义。本项目拟从农户分化入手，借鉴可持续生计资产理论构建农户分化指标体系，运用因子分析法量化农户分化程度，采用Logit和Heckman模型从农户需求方视角现实观察和分析农户分化与农地经营权抵押贷款需求、正规信贷约束的内在关联性；按照农户分化程度和农地经营权抵押贷款需求筛选样本农户，联合调研地农村信用社等金融机构，采用实验经济学方法从金融供给方视角运用结构方程模型检验农户分化与正规信贷约束的联动影响，对比分析供给方模拟实验结果和需求方现实观察，从农户需求与金融供给两个层面，针对不同分化农户提出相应优化农地经营权抵押贷款模式的政策建议，以提高农地经营权抵押贷款支农效率。

在当前农村社会分化日益突出的时期，考察农户分化对农地经营权抵押贷款需求的影响，检验不同分化农户的农地经营权抵押贷款信贷约束程度，对全面评价农地经营权抵押贷款支农绩效和进一步完善农地金融改革具有重要意义。本项目研究内容：1.分化农户对农地抵押贷款需求意愿研究，分析农户生计资产多样化与异质性金融需求的互动关系；2.不同生计分化类型农户农地承包经营权抵押融资约束研究；3.分化农户信贷需求与正规信贷约束的联动关系研究，从金融机构信贷员视角量化农地经营权抵押贷款供给意愿及其影响因素间的关系。4.农地经营权抵押贷款模式优化研究。. 以上研究结果说明，1.不同分化类型农户对农地抵押贷款需求意愿具有显著差异性，金融资产和社会资产丰富的负债发展型、非农富裕型和均衡发展型农户对农地抵押贷款的需求不强烈，而人力贫困型和关系贫困型农户对农地抵押贷款需求强烈；2.农地经营权抵押贷款能在一定程度上缓解农户与正规金融机构之间的信息不对称问题，减少其正规信贷需求缺口。不同收入农户的信贷需求缺口不同，随着农户收入的增加，农户信贷需求缺口减少，其受到的正规信贷约束减弱。随着生计资产产值的增加，农户的信贷约束缺口值逐渐减小，非农业多样型农户的信贷缺口最小，农业单一型农户的信贷缺口值最大；3.基于信贷员视角的农地经营权抵押贷款供给意愿实证分析表明，农户收入、农户政策知晓度、农地规模等对信贷员发放农地经营权抵押贷款的意愿有正向影响，农户年龄、受教育程度等因素对供给意愿有负向影响；4.提出建立“政府+市场”混合型农地抵押贷款模式，达到丰富农户生计资产多样性，促使其生计资产存量提升，缓解农户信贷约束程度。. 共获取农户问卷7102份、金融机构问卷224份，初步建成数据样本近1万个的农村金融数据库，与调研地区农业部门以及农村合作金融组织建立了良好稳定的合作关系，该数据库为后续农户借贷定量分析、数据处理、数据挖掘与模拟分析技术，实现方法创新等目标提供了丰富的数据支撑。