用于水下气泡操纵的飞秒激光可控微纳结构制备

Functional microstructures with superaerophobicity/superaerophilicity and their fabrication method is a research hotpot at present, but current fabrication methods are complexity, poor controllability of structures, and corresponding theory is still not systematic enough. In addition, it is still a challenge to realize micro/nanostructures manufacturing on the nonplanar plane (such as complex curved surface) and the reversible control of bubble wettability. The manipulation of bubbles for directional transportation and collection is still a problem. In terms of these problems, we propose to use femtosecond laser to scan controllable micro/nanostructures on different kinds of materials in order to realize the bubble manipulation in water. Therefore, the main contents of this project contain: 1) The mechanism of interaction between femtosecond laser and different kind of materials and the regulation method of controllable micro/nanostructures with special wettability; 2) The key technology of controllable micro/nanostructures fabrication and optimization design; 3) The superaerophobic/superaerophilic structures and the reversible bubble wettability on the titanium surfaces in water medium; 4) To use femtosecond laser to realize the optimization of anisotropic micro/nanostructures and the fabrication of micro/nanostructures on the complex nonplanar plane for specific applications, and explore potential applications of bubble directional transportation and collection.

水下超疏/超亲气泡功能结构表面及其微纳制备方法是一个研究热点，但是目前的制备方法复杂、结构可控性差，以及相应的理论仍不够系统。另外，如何实现微纳结构表面的非平面（如复杂曲面）的加工和气泡润湿性的可逆调控、如何操纵气泡进行定向传输与回收仍是个难题。针对这些问题，我们提出利用飞秒激光加工在各种材料一步扫描制备可控的微纳结构，实现水下气泡操纵研究。因此，本项目主要研究内容有：（1）研究飞秒激光与不同材料相互作用形成特殊润湿性可控微纳米结构的机理和调控方法；（2）研究飞秒激光在材料表面制备可控微纳结构和关键工艺，实现最优化结构的设计和制备；（3）研究钛金属表面亲、疏气泡特性的微纳结构和气泡亲疏润湿性可逆转化特性；（4）研究飞秒激光制备最优化的各向异性微纳结构，以及针对特定应用的复杂非平面基底上的微纳结构制备，并探索对气泡定向移动控制和收集功能的应用。

通过研究飞秒激光制备的功能表面对水下气泡润湿性调控以及气泡行为操控上的影响，实现了水下气泡各向同性、各向异性滑动，以及对气泡滑动/静止的原位操控，并探索了气泡的定向控制与收集功能。因此，本项目在开展期主要完成工作有：（1）分析了飞秒激光与不同材料，如铝、锌、PDMS聚合物、形状记忆聚合物（SMP）等物质的相互作用机理，提出了飞秒激光自诱导和倾斜加工方法；（2）掌握了飞秒激光在不同材料表面制备可控微纳结构（微沟槽阵列、微柱阵列和倾斜微柱阵列）和关键工艺，实现最优化结构的设计和制备；（3）系统研究了不同材料表面亲、疏气泡特性的微纳结构和气泡/液滴的亲疏润湿性可逆转化特性，如超亲与超疏之间的可逆转换；（4）获得了飞秒激光制备最优化的微纳结构，并实现对气泡定向移动控制和收集功能的应用。