Immunological deregulation in bone marrow microenvironment is the main reason for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Gut microbiota has been recently proved to be vital in regulating the hematopoiesis and immunology in bone marrow environment. Our previous study has confirmed dysbiotic gut microbiota and imbalanced bone marrow Th immunological network in AML patients, and they are correlated significantly. Therefore, we speculate that “gut-bone marrow axis” plays important roles in the development of AML. Under the framework of systems biology and using experiments, we will construct the Bayesian network of gut microbiota/metabolites and Th subsets variation of AML patients, and clarify their association and key cells/molecules in “gut microbiota-metabolites-bone marrow Th immunology”. After treating CD4+ naïve T cells or AML cells with gut microbiota abstracts or metabolites, we will investigate their regulatory mechanism on Th immunological network, and clarify their effects on biological behavior of AML cells. Using the technique of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), we will establish AML mouse models transplanted with human gut microbiota or control mouse gut microbiota, or deplete gut microbiota with antibiotics and rescue it, then monitor the leukemia development, metobolites and Th immunological network in vivo. Furthermore, we will study the effects and mechanisms on AML mice survival and reversing imbalanced Th immunological network after applying gut microbiota abstracts/metabolites or interfering Th cells. Our project will demonstrate the detailed regulating effects and mechanisms of gut microbiota on immunological network via “gut-bone marrow axis” in AML, and provide strategy for AML targeting therapy.
骨髓微环境免疫失衡是急性髓性白血病(AML)发病重要原因。新近证明肠道菌群调控骨髓造血和免疫功能。我们发现AML中存在肠道菌群及骨髓Th细胞免疫网络失衡,二者显著相关,认为“肠-骨髓轴”在AML发病中发挥重要作用。拟在系统生物学框架内,构建AML患者肠道菌群/代谢产物及骨髓Th细胞的贝叶斯网络,明确“肠道菌群-代谢产物-骨髓Th免疫”因果关系及关键节点;体外利用AML肠道菌群提取物/代谢产物作用于CD4+T或AML细胞,探究其对Th免疫及AML细胞作用机制。利用粪便菌群移植(FMT),建立人源肠道菌群或鼠源FMT的AML小鼠,抗生素破坏肠道菌群及恢复后,检测小鼠AML发病、代谢及骨髓Th免疫变化;对小鼠进行菌体成分/代谢产物及Th细胞干预,观察对骨髓Th免疫失衡逆转及对AML小鼠生存影响,以期揭示肠道菌群通过“肠-骨髓轴”改变骨髓Th免疫网络调控AML作用机制,为AML靶向治疗提供借鉴。
AML严重威胁人类健康,目前化疗和靶向干预虽有一定效果,但都有很大局限性,探索新的AML发病机制和治疗策略尤为重要。近年来发现,肠道菌群及其代谢产物与多种肿瘤密切有关,但其在AML进展中的作用尚不清楚。本研究证实,在AML患者以及AML模型小鼠中,均发现存在肠道菌群多样性的明显减低,且与AML临床预后差和Treg免疫抑制细胞升高相关。在AML模型鼠中应用抗生素破坏肠道菌群后,加速了小鼠体内AML发展,而应用正常小鼠以及正常人的粪便对AML小鼠进行粪便菌群移植(FMT)后,可显著逆转疾病的过程。同时发现,肠道菌群中的Faecalibacterium菌,以及代谢产物丁酸盐、丙酸盐等SCFAs、CDCA等胆汁酸在AML患者粪便中显著降低,而应用Faecalibacterium菌、丁酸盐、丙酸盐或者CDCA分别对AML小鼠进行灌胃处理,可显著延缓小鼠疾病的进展。进一步研究发现,AML小鼠的肠道粘膜屏障明显受损,加速了细菌脂多糖(LPS)由肠道渗漏入血,LPS浓度的升高在体内外都可促进AML的进展;而应用丁酸盐修复小鼠肠粘膜屏障损伤后,可减少LPS的吸收入血,从而达到抑制AML进展的作用。另一种SCFA丙酸作用于AML细胞后,可引起AML细胞线粒体的结构和功能损伤,包括线粒体分裂增加和自噬增强,并进一步促进ROS的产生和诱导铁死亡的发生;使用丙酸处理后的“濒死(dying)”AML细胞免疫小鼠后,能激发小鼠的抗肿瘤免疫,从而进一步抑制AML的进展。同时我们发现,代谢产物CDCA进入AML细胞后,可结合到线粒体上,造成线粒体肿胀等形态学损坏,诱导线粒体膜电位降低、钙离子内流以及ROS的大量产生,升高的ROS进一步活化p38 MAPK信号通路以及上调DGAT1的表达,促进AML细胞内脂滴的累积,从而进一步增强AML细胞的脂质过氧化作用;此外,CDCA还可以减少巨噬细胞M2型的极化,抑制M2巨噬细胞对AML细胞的促增殖作用。因此,本研究发现AML中存在肠道菌群多样性降低及代谢产物丁酸盐、丙酸盐和CDCA等的改变,肠道菌群以代谢物依赖的方式影响着AML进展,并阐明了其具体作用机制,靶向干预可为AML的治疗提供新靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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