In recent years, the multi-kinase inhibitors, such as sorafenib and sunitinib, have brought new hope for the treatments of liver cancer. However, due to the drug resistance and side effects, the efficiency is not satisfied when used as single-drug therapy. Recent studies showed that energy metabolism and autophagy are associated with cancer chemosensitivity, and the inhibition of autophagy or glycolysis could sensitize sorafenib in liver cancer. However, the effects of glutamine metabolism and stimulations intervention of both metabolism and autophagy on the chemosensitivity of multi-kinase inhibitors therapy in liver cancer is still not clear. Our previous studies showed that the levels of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway could regulate the chemosensitivity of sorafenib (Hepatology. 2013; Gut. 2014). Recently, we found that multi-kinase inhibitors could increase the levels of c-Myc, energy metabolism and autophagy in liver cancer cells, and the combination with energy metabolism inhibitors can induce autophagy. Herein, we present the hypothesis that c-Myc dependent regulation of energy metabolism and autophagy induced by multi-kinase inhibitors treatment can affect their efficiency in liver cancer. To verify this hypothesis, we will perform experiments using the methods of Western blot, PCR, lentivirus, glucose uptake and glutamine consumption assays etc. to investigate the influences and mechanisms of single or stimulations intervention of energy metabolism and autophagy on the chemosensitivity of multi-kinase inhibitors in liver cancer. The project will provide new therapeutic targets and interventions for liver cancer from the perspective of energy metabolism and autophagy.
多激酶抑制剂(索拉菲尼与舒尼替尼)为肝癌的化疗带来了希望,由于耐药及毒副作用,单药治疗并不满意。研究表明能量代谢及自噬与化疗敏感性密切相关,抑制自噬或糖酵解能增敏肝癌化疗,但谷氨酰胺代谢对肝癌化疗的影响及同时干预代谢与自噬对多激酶抑制剂疗效的影响不明。我们前期发现糖代谢可以影响肝癌索拉菲尼化疗敏感性(Hepatology. 2013;Gut. 2014),近期发现多激酶抑制剂能上调肝癌能量代谢、自噬与c-Myc表达水平,而代谢或自噬抑制剂的单用或联合多激酶抑制剂可以分别诱导自噬或增强代谢。基于此,我们提出多激酶抑制剂诱导的c-Myc依赖性能量代谢与自噬的互补代偿调控可以影响其敏感性的假设,拟采用细胞及动物肿瘤模型为平台,应用组化、糖酵解水平、谷氨酰胺消耗、PET-CT等检测手段,从分子、细胞及动物层面探讨靶向代谢或自噬对化疗敏感性的影响,为改善肝癌的多激酶抑制剂化疗效果提供新思路。
c-Myc作为经典的癌基因,有明确的研究表明c-Myc介导的细胞代谢调控和肿瘤发生有密切的关系。c-Myc可以通过直接调节糖酵解与谷氨酰胺代谢相关基因的转录增强肿瘤的代谢水平。c-Myc不但是调控肿瘤代谢的关键基因,而且c-Myc也被证实能参与自噬诱导。最近文献报道c-Myc的激活可以触发未折叠蛋白反应(UPR),引发内质网应激介导的自噬。同时,又有研究表明索拉非尼可以诱发肝癌UPR及蛋白应激,这提示c-Myc可能是多激酶抑制剂激活能量代谢与自噬进而抵御化疗的核心蛋白。最新研究表明c-Myc可以保护肝癌细胞免于索拉非尼诱导的细胞凋亡,机制尚不清楚。至今尚没有联合c-Myc抑制剂与多激酶抑制剂治疗肝癌的研究。在本项目中,我们重点研究了靶向c-Myc对肝癌能量代谢的影响及分子机制,我们的研究表明c-Myc介导了Gankyrin对糖酵解和谷氨酰胺分解代谢的促进作用,进一步研究发现通过抑制c-Myc可消除Gankyrin对肿瘤发生、转移和耐药的促进作用,c-Myc抑制剂与索拉非尼或瑞格非尼联用对高表达Gankyrin的肝癌有明显的协同抑制作用。此外,在本项目资助下,我们还探究了新型CDK4/6抑制剂SHR6390联合c-Met抑制剂卡博替尼对肝癌生长的协同抑制作用及可能的机制;干扰素基因刺激因子(STING)激动剂联合IDO抑制剂对小鼠结肠癌进展的抑制作用;可直接感受胞外cGAMP的细胞膜表面STING异构体的发现与机制探讨。基于上述研究,本项目为肝癌与结肠癌等消化系统肿瘤的治疗提供了新的策略和思路,项目的主体部分证明了靶向干预c-Myc或者能量代谢可能是增敏肝癌多激酶抑制剂治疗的一种理想策略;同时基于协同机制的CDK4/6抑制剂与c-Met抑制剂的联用、STING激动剂与IDO抑制剂的联用为肝癌与结肠癌的治疗提供了新的方向;新型STING异构体的发现对STING激动剂作为免疫递质的作用提供了更深入的认识,并为癌症治疗药物的开发提供了新思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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