火灾与人员交互作用的微观非均匀人群疏散动力学建模研究

Pedestrian evacuation in public place under the emergency is a major public safety issue. How to deal with security issues of pedestrian evacuation under an emergency has attracted much attention of researchers during the last decade. Pedestrian evacuation experiment and computer simulation are the main methods for researching pedestrian evacuation. It can be obtained characteristics information of evacuation by pedestrian evacuation experiment. The characteristics of pedestrians in the evacuation process can be grasped through pedestrian evacuation simulation under emergency. Thus we can effectively prevent and reduce the Casualties and property losses which were caused by emergency. Based on the heterogeneous lattice gas model and PSO, we will develop a microcosmic heterogeneous fire and pedestrian interaction model with considering the real-time effect of fire field on the pedestrian。Combined subway station evacuation experiments and structural characteristics of subway stations, we will establish an applicable microcosmic heterogeneous evacuation dynamics model to subway stations, develop appropriate simulation software, grasp more comprehensive features and subway station evacuation law by adjusting the parameters, repeated operations, predict evacuation time. The results can provide a basis for the safety evacuation performance evaluation of subway station, subway security operations and disaster building design.

突发事件下公共场所的人员疏散是重大的公共安全问题。如何应对紧急情况下人员的安全疏散问题在近二十年引起了科研工作者的广泛关注与重视。研究人群疏散常用的方法有人群疏散演习和计算机仿真。组织人员进行疏散实验，针对性强，获得人员疏散特征信息量。对突发事件下人员的疏散过程进行建模仿真，从而来掌握人员在疏散过程中的特征，这对于在实际情况下如何降低突发事件所带来的人员伤亡和财产损失有着指导意义.本课题考虑火灾场对人员个体在疏散过程中的实时作用，结合非均匀格子气模型与PSO多粒子场方法，建立火灾与个体交互作用的微观非均匀人群疏散动力学模型。结合地铁站人群疏散实验及地铁站结构特征，建立适用于地铁站的微观非均匀人群疏散动力学模型，开发相应的仿真软件，通过调整参数，反复运算，更全面地获得地铁站人群疏散特征及规律，预测安全疏散时间。其成果可以为地铁站安全疏散性能评估、地铁安全运营以及建筑物防灾设计提供依据。