用于评价食品潜在致敏性的体外细胞模型体系的研究

Food-induced allergic reactions affect approximately 5% of young children and 3% to 4% of adults in westernized countries and appear to have increased in prevalence. At present, skin prick test and immunochemical test are the main method of allergen detection. However, skin prick test is easy to cause serious adverse reactions；the sensitivity of immunochemical test is not high. In recent years, an in vitro cell-based functional test has been a new tool for assessing the allergenic potential of food proteins. Development of cell models evaluation system in vitro on potential allergenicity is of great significance to the standardization and risk assessment of allergens products. Combined with the immunological characteristics of all well-known food allergens, this study will investigate the biological reaction of different cell models in vitro to food allergens with different immunological characteristics. Comprehensively analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of cell models in vitro on evaluating the allergenic potential, we will develop the in vitro cell models evaluation system that covers all known food allergens and that objectively, comprehensively and accurately assesses potential allergenicity of food allergens. It is critical for improving the accuracy and efficiency of food potential allergic evaluation and for providing more accurate and real data to allergen standardization and specific immunotherapy of allergic diseases.

流行病学调查结果显示，近年来由食品导致的过敏症发病率呈逐年上升的趋势，发达国家每年有3%～4%的成年人发生食品过敏，儿童及婴幼儿的发病率为5%。目前，皮肤试验、免疫化学试验是检测过敏原的主要方法，而皮肤试验易引起严重不良反应，免疫化学试验灵敏度不高。体外细胞模型是近年来出现的评价食品过敏原潜在致敏性的新方法，深入研究体外细胞模型，建立评价食品潜在过敏性的体外细胞模型体系对食品过敏原的标准化研究和风险评估具有重要的意义。本研究结合已知过敏原致敏的细胞免疫学特征，研究细胞模型在体外对具有不同细胞免疫学特性的过敏原的生物学反应，深入分析细胞模型在评价食品潜在致敏性时的表现，构建覆盖所有已知过敏原，并能客观、全面、准确地评价食品潜在过敏性的体外细胞模型体系，提高食品潜在过敏性评价的准确性和效率，为我国过敏原检测的标准化提供更加准确、真实的数据依据。

近年来过敏性疾病发病率呈逐年上升的趋势，发达国家每年有3%～4%的成年人发生食物过敏，儿童及婴幼儿的发病率为5%。为了更好地预防和控制食物过敏的发生，食物致敏性评价和相关机理的研究成为国际研究的热点。目前，食物潜在致敏性评价以外源蛋白的评估策略和程序最为成熟，然而尚未有一套系统的针对食物蛋白的致敏性评估策略。本研究建立了一套针对食物蛋白的致敏性评估策略。首先采用生物信息学分析食物蛋白与已知过敏原的序列同源性以及线性抗原决定簇，然后通过人体血清学分析进行验证；其次，采用模拟胃液消化实验分析食物蛋白的抗消化性以及加工处理对其抗消化性的影响；最后，采用RBL细胞免疫学模型分析食物蛋白诱发细胞脱颗粒水平，评价食物蛋白的生物活性。综合上述多种致敏性评价方法，系统地评价食物蛋白的潜在致敏性。