两亲性Janus纳米粒子/静电纺丝杂化纤维膜的制备、结构调控及其性能研究

Under the situation of global shortage of water resources, ultrafiltration technology has been widely used in the field of water treatment. Owing to high permeability and pore structure, the membrane of electrospun fibers as the filter media has advantages of simple operation, low energy consumption and high separation efficiency. In this proposal, we aim to fabricate ultra-thin fibrous membranes by the self-assembly of amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles and electrospun fibers. Through the regulation of interfacial energy, swelling properties and glass transition temperature of electrospun fibers, the hydrophobic part of Janus nanoparticles will be embedded into the surface of electrospun fibers. This novel membrane materials prepared by structure hybridization have special properties, such as higher surface area and mechanical strength, better hydrophilicity, greater pollution resistance. More importantly, the apertures of ultra-thin fibrous membranes not only can be adjusted by the diameter of fibers and the thickness of fibrous membrane, but also can be adjusted by the size, shape, concentration, and surface ligands of the Janus nanoparticles. Based on this, the ultrafiltration membrane with prepared ultra-thin fibrous membrane as the surface layer will be applied to wastewater treatment and oil-water separation. This work will enrich and expand the fields of electrospinning and Janus nanomaterials, improve the comprehensive performances of ultrafiltration membranes.

在全球水资源日益紧缺的形势下，超滤膜技术在水处理领域得到了广泛的应用。静电纺丝纤维膜具有高的渗透性以及相互贯通的孔结构，是一种优良的超滤膜分离层。本项目拟以两亲性Janus Au-SiO2纳米粒子与静电纺丝纤维组装为平台，考察静电纺丝纤维的溶胀性质、玻璃化转变温度，调控纳米粒子的结构，将两亲性Janus纳米粒子的疏水部分自动埋入到纤维表面制备杂化材料。普通纤维膜的孔径是通过纤维直径和膜厚度控制。该平台制备的纤维膜不仅可通过纤维直径和膜厚度控制，而且可通过Janus纳米粒子的大小、形状、浓度、表面配体等多重因素调控。此外，结构的杂化赋予该平台更多的优势：1）超大的比表面；2）超强的亲水性和抗污染能力；3）良好的机械强度。基于此，将制备的纤维膜作为超滤膜的分离层，最终应用到废水处理和油水分离中。本项目的研究将丰富和拓展静电纺丝和Janus纳米材料的研究领域，提高超滤膜的综合性能。

杂化材料是由两种或者两种以上成分组成的混合材料，它集结了不同组分的优点，可以改善或提高单一组分材料的性质。本项目将静电纺丝纤维与无机纳米材料杂化制备功能性复合纤维，通过精细地调控杂化材料的结构，探究了杂化材料与单一组分材料的性质差异。静电纺丝纤维具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、渗透性好、孔结构贯通等优势，将其与无机纳米粒子（贵金属纳米材料、磁纳米材料）结合，通过组装、原位合成、混纺法等方法制备杂化材料。考察了静电纺丝纤维的亲疏水性质、玻璃化转变温度、溶胀性质，探究了金属前驱体、还原剂、反应速度等因素对杂化结构的影响。以静电纺丝纤维和无机纳米材料为组装平台，结构的杂化赋予该平台诸多优势：1）超大的比表面；2）可调控的亲疏水性；3）良好的机械强度；4）光学性质或者磁学性质。基于此，制备的杂化材料可应用于食品安全领域和蛋白质组学领域。另外，独特的杂化结构和光学性质提供的形貌和谱图可以作为鉴定元素应用于防伪领域。本项目的研究将丰富和拓展静电纺丝和无机纳米材料的研究领域，提高了分离基质材料的综合性能。