多组元复杂矿石磨矿解析新方法及过程调控新机制研究

Grinding is an important operation unit for ore treatment, and it is of great significance in grinding optimization and precision control. However, there are a lot of problems in grinding analysis, such as description mainly being qualitative, analytical model with high gray level and difficulty in application of the analytical results, usually being more serious for the multi-component complex ores, which are composed of a lot of minerals with large differences in mechanical and physicochemical properties among minerals. To solve these problems, based on the inherent characteristic that there always is difference in resistance of ore composition minerals between to abrasive action and to impact action, this proposed project will take the multi-component complex ores as the research object and investigate the quantitative separation of the contribution rate to grinding effect respectively from impact action and abrasive action by aid of JK weight drop test method and grinding population balance modelling. Moreover, the project will try to extend and subdivide the grinding analysis from ores level to its minerals level by means of classifying ore minerals as several groups on their properties. Therefore, it is expected that this project would explore new grinding analysis methods and provide new regulation mechanism to solve the grinding problems such as over-grinding and under-grinding for multi-component complex ores. Mainly the research contents include, (1) The main behavior characteristics and regulation mechanism of pure minerals under independent abrasion and independent impact breakage. (2) The quantitative separation method of the respective contribution rate of impact and abrasion to grinding effect in pure mineral grinding process. (3) The correlation and coupling mechanism of grinding behavior characteristics between mixed minerals and their composition minerals. (4) The grinding regulation mechanism of multi-component complex ore. This project is of very important academic value and great originality.

磨矿是矿石处理重要的单元作业，磨矿优化和精准调控意义重大。项目针对磨矿解析定性描述多、解析模型灰度高、解析结果应用难等问题，选择组成矿物数量多、矿物间机械和理化性质差异大的复杂矿石为研究对象，基于矿石组成矿物抗研磨和抗冲击特性存在差异的固有特性，借助JK落重试验研究方法和磨矿总体平衡动力学模型，以量化分离冲击和研磨两种主要作用对磨矿效果的贡献率为突破口和创新点，通过对组成矿物归类合并组元化处理，把磨矿研究从矿石层面延伸和细分到矿石的主要组成矿物，探索解析磨矿新方法和途径，为解决矿石过磨和欠磨问题提供调控新机制。具体内容：（1）组成矿石的纯矿物在独立研磨和独立冲击破坏条件下的主要行为特征及其调控机制；（2）纯矿物磨矿中冲击作用和研磨作用各自贡献率的量化分离方法；（3）纯矿物混合物料与其组成矿物磨矿行为特征的关联性和耦合机制；（4）多组元复杂矿石磨矿调控机制。项目具有重要学术价值和原创性。

磨矿是矿石处理重要的单元作业，磨矿优化和精准调控意义重大。基于多组元复杂矿石磨矿常存在组元矿物或过磨或欠磨或两种情况同时存在的普遍问题及其优化调控的迫切需要，本项目立足矿石各组成矿物抵抗研磨破坏和抵抗冲击破坏的能力存在差异的固有特性，针对磨矿条件改变容易导致冲击破坏和研磨破坏此消彼长而改变磨矿结果的事实和复杂关系，以解决磨矿解析定性描述多、解析模型灰度高、解析结果应用难等问题为目的，系统研究了组成矿石的纯矿物在独立研磨和独立冲击破坏条件下的主要行为特征及其调控机制、纯矿物磨矿中冲击作用和研磨作用各自贡献率的量化分离方法、纯矿物混合物料与其组成矿物磨矿行为特征的关联性和耦合机制、多组元复杂矿石磨矿调控机制等涉及磨矿过程解析及优化的基础问题。通过研究，首次提出在圆筒型磨机内将磨矿介质的冲击作用和研磨作用的磨矿贡献进行量化分离表征的磨矿解析新方法，以组成主要矿物、多组元复杂矿石等为研究对象开展相关研究，获得了研磨作用和冲击作用在磨矿中各自贡献率的量化分离方法，建立了矿石磨矿特性与其组成矿物磨矿特性的耦合关系，形成了系列研究成果。构建出集JK落重冲击破碎、研磨磨矿、抛落磨矿等试验方法和传统磨矿动力学拟合及磨矿总体平衡动力学模拟方法相结合的完整技术路线和试验计算步骤，实现了抛落磨矿中冲击和研磨两类机制的磨矿贡献率的量化分离。采用磨矿技术效率为磨矿效果表征指标，提出按照归一化思想和原理将冲击磨矿和研磨磨矿的磨矿技术效率耦合到抛落磨矿的磨矿技术效率中，通过引入耦合因子建立三种磨矿状态的磨矿技术效率数量关联关系，提出了抛落磨矿中两类机制的磨矿贡献率量化分离的关键步骤，得到了两类机制的磨矿贡献率的主要特征和有关规律。基于JK落重冲击破碎试验和抛落磨矿试验结果，模拟构建了仅有冲击作用的假想冲击磨矿及其磨矿总体平衡动力学模型，求解了模型参数，得到了模拟磨矿结果及有关参数特征。基于研磨磨矿、冲击磨矿和抛落磨矿的磨矿产物粒度组成的比较研究，获得了三种磨矿状态下产物粒度分布的关键特征和不同之处。项目成果原创性强，具有重要的学术价值，将磨矿优化从矿石整体层面延伸和细分到矿石的主要组成矿物层面，为磨矿解析提供新的方法和路径，提高磨矿解析理论和相关模型的白度，为多组元复杂矿石磨矿精准调控建立新的方法体系。