主动配电系统分区分布式牵制群控技术研究

The transferring of the distribution network from passive to active will become the key issue for smart distribution with the rapid propulsion of energy innovation and power grid intelligent strategy. Active distribution systems (ADS) will play an important role on electric power generation - transmission - distribution and utilization in the future. However, the uncertainty of intermittent renewable energy, the demand of the converters to participate in the regulation, and the diversified development trend of load, as well as the requirements of users for high quality power supply, have brought great challenges for the operation control of the ADSs. In this project, a new pinning-based distributed subarea control, which using the concepts of subarea pinning control of and synchronization of group consensus, is proposed to solve above problems. Accordingly, the distributed control structure, the distributed information exchanging method and the pinning-based distributed subarea control schemes for microgrid-subarea and virtual power plant-subarea are all proposed. The application of the pinning-based distributed subarea control simplifies the implementation of many ADS functions, such as global coordination, local autonomy, reliability, scalability, and self-healing. The proposed method also contains many technologies, such as demand side management, pinning control, multi-agent system (MAS), and distributed control and optimization. It solves a series of problems including the high dimensions of control, low utilization efficiency, complex and variable topologies, frequently switched operation states, it also enhances the ablity for integration of DGs, and ensures the high quality power supply. Research achievements of this project can lay a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the distributed subarea control of the ADSs.

随着能源革新及电网智能化战略的快速推进，配电系统变被动为主动将成为推动智能配电技术发展的核心，在未来电网的发-输-配-用电环节中发挥重要作用。然而，间歇性新能源的不确定性、逆变器参与调控的需求、负荷多样化发展的趋势、及用户对高品质供电的要求，均给主动配电系统的运行控制带来极大挑战。本项目致力于从分区牵制控制和群一致趋同的角度寻求解决方案，构建分区分布式群控架构，提出牵制趋同信息交互方法和分区分布式牵制群控策略，从全新的角度以微电网/虚拟电厂分区牵制群控的概念简化实现主动配电系统的全局协调、就地自治、可靠运行、动态扩展、故障自愈等多项功能，并兼容需求侧管理、牵制控制、多智能系统、分布式控制及优化等多类型技术，有效解决控制维度高、综合利用率低、拓扑结构复杂易变、运行状态频繁切换等一系列难题，提升可再生能源消纳能力，保障负荷高品质供给，为建立主动配电系统分布式群控体系提供理论支撑和技术支持。

主动配电系统控制技术是实现海量接入多类型DGs、多元复合储能、多样化负荷、及其他设备主动协调管控的有效解决方案之一，也是提高系统安全性、可靠性、运行效率的关键技术。然而，间歇式新能源的不确定性、并网逆变器参与调控的需求、负荷的多样化发展趋势、以及用户对高品质供电的要求等，均给主动配电系统的运行控制带来了极大的挑战。依靠传统的集中式分层协调调控模式，已难以满足主动配电系统主动管控的技术需求，也难以发挥主动配电系统中多种可调资源的自适应调节控制能力。本研究致力于从分布式牵制控制和群一致趋同的角度寻求解决方案，通过微电网分区/虚拟电厂分区两种形式分区聚类划分及分区协调控制将主动配电系统的全局控制问题转化为基于群一致趋同的分区分布式牵制群控问题，从全新的角度以微电网分区/虚拟电厂分区的概念简化实现主动配电系统的全局协调（Global Coordination）、就地自治（Local Autonomous）、可靠运行（Reliability）、动态扩展（Scalability）、故障自愈（Self-healing）等多项功能，并兼容需求侧管理、微电网、虚拟电厂、牵制控制（Pinning Control）、多智能系统（Multi-Agent System，MAS）、分布式控制及优化（Distributed control and optimization）等多类型技术，有效降低主动配电系统控制的维度和复杂度，提升各类DGs的主动消纳能力，挖掘各类可调资源的利用潜能，加快电能低碳化转变，促进电网综合利用效率的全方位提高。