仿海葵结构高舒适纳米纤维膜的可控制备及其透湿机制研究

The disadvantages of “Pay more attention to protection than comfort” of the current rescue protective clothing usually lead to sultry discomfort for the rescuer when they have strenuous activity, which seriously affect the relief effect and even the life safety of the rescuers. Herein, we will study the fabrication and structure regulation of sea anemone-like nanofibrous membranes, and reveal the collaborative optimization mechanism of the multiple channel structure and moisture permeable performance, finally to obtain waterproof and breathable materials with high porosity and comfort. Recently, by introducing the reaction between the crosslinking agent and fluorine-free hydrophobic agent, we have preliminary prepared the composite waterproof and breathable membranes with both sea anemone-like small fibers and nanofibers. However, the moisture permeability of these sea anemone-like membranes could not meet the requirements of practical application yet. In this study, we plan to study the controllable fabrication and moisture permeability optimization of the sea anemone-like nanofibrous membranes with high comfort, master the structure regulation method of the crosslinking agent/polymer nanofibrous membranes, reveal the structure evolution mechanism of the sea anemone-like small fibers during the fluorine-free hydrophobic modification process, and clarify the forming critical condition and structure regulating rule of the sea anemone-like structure. Finally, we will clarify the optimized structure of the sea anemone-like nanofibrous membranes, and achieve the target of preparing materials with the porosity >90% and moisture permeability >12 kg m-2 d-1, which could satisfy their application requirements in safety protective clothing areas.

当前救援防护服装存在“重防护、轻舒适”的弊端，易导致救援者在剧烈活动时感到闷热等不适感，严重影响救援效果甚至救援者的生命安全。本项目拟研究仿海葵结构纳米纤维膜的成型及结构调控规律，揭示纤维膜的多级孔道结构与透湿性能的协同优化机制，从而获得具有高孔隙率、高舒适性的防水透湿膜材料。近期申请者通过引入交联剂与无氟疏水剂的交联反应，初步获得了纳米纤维与仿海葵小纤维复合的防水透湿膜材料，但其透湿性能仍未达到实际应用要求。本项目将开展仿海葵结构高舒适纳米纤维膜的可控制备及其透湿性能优化研究，掌握交联剂/聚合物纳米纤维膜结构调控的科学方法，揭示无氟疏水改性过程中仿海葵小纤维的结构演变机制，明晰纤维膜仿海葵结构成型的边界条件及其结构调控规律，确立材料达到最佳透湿性能时的本体结构特征，实现其孔隙率＞90%、透湿量>12kg m-2 d-1的目标，以满足其在安全防护服装领域的应用要求。

当前救援防护服装存在“重防护、轻舒适”的弊端，易导致救援者在剧烈活动时感到闷热等不适感，严重影响救援效果甚至救援者的生命安全。本项目旨在研究仿海葵小纤维的成型过程及其结构调控规律，实现具有仿海葵结构纤维的高舒适纳米纤维膜的可控制备，明晰其多级孔道结构与透湿性能间的构效关系，获得具有高舒适性的防水透湿膜材料。主要研究进展如下：（1）通过改变疏水剂和交联剂的种类，探索了疏水剂与交联剂间的交联反应，阐明了疏水剂/交联剂的适配性对仿海葵小纤维形貌结构的影响规律。（2）明晰了仿海葵小纤维在疏水改性过程中的结构演变过程，确立了仿海葵结构的成型边界条件，分析膜材料的多级孔道结构特征与纤维膜透湿量间的内在关联，最终获得了具有仿海葵结构纤维的高舒适性纳米纤维膜材料，实现了该膜材料透湿量>12kg m-2 d-1的目标，以满足防护服装领域对材料舒适性的需求。（3）考察了PVDF/TiO2的种类及含量、原液特性和纺丝加工参数对纤维膜结构和润湿性能的影响规律，掌握了PVDF/TiO2纳米纤维膜润湿性能可控的科学方法，为构筑具有仿海葵结构纤维的微纳复合材料的基材选择提供了更多可能性。本项目所研制的一系列仿海葵结构高舒适纳米纤维膜在医疗防护服、消防服与野外作战服等防护服装领域具有广阔的应用前景。