双组分快速反应固化式无溶剂静电纺丝技术的纺丝机理及应用

Recently, electrospinning and electrospun fibers have attracted a lot of interests for their great potential applications in various fields such as filtration, biomedical care, energy and so on. Currently, the most common used electrospinning technology is solution electrospinning, which curing mechanism is due to solvent evaporation. However, there are more than 80% weight of solutions evaporated during electrospinning process, which may result in a tremendous waste of resources and serious pollution of the environment. While the reported solvent-free electrospinning methods such as melt, UV curable and thermocuring electrospinning, require more complex equipments (such as extra heating system, UV lamp and so on), produce fibers with thicker diameters (micron scale), and need more curing time. Therefore, it is still a challenge to develop newly solventless electrospinning method with more simple apparatus, more fine fiber (<1 micron), faster curing speed. Based on the former study, we propose an A/B two components fast reaction curable solventless electrospinning method. In this project, we will focus on the solidification mechanism of the as-spun fibers (reaction curing), practicability of this solventless electrospinning technology (including electrospinning parameters, ratio of the two components, curing speed, et al. ), morphology/structure controllability of the electrospun fibers (roller and patterned templates collectors), and the effects of their structures on the properties of as-spun fiber membranes.

近年来，静电纺丝技术及其制备的电纺纤维在过滤、生物医疗、能源等方面展现出极大的应用前景。目前，常用的电纺技术是溶液电纺，其固化机理为溶剂挥发固化。但溶液电纺溶剂挥发一般占比在80%以上，造成浪费的同时又污染环境。而已报道的无溶剂静电纺丝技术如熔体、紫外光固化、热固化电纺等，所需的设备更加复杂（需额外的加热、紫外光灯等设备），且制备的纤维直径较粗（通常在微米级别），纤维的固化速度慢。因此，研究设备简单、纤维更细（<1微米）、固化速度更快的无溶剂电纺技术是目前静电纺丝面临的挑战之一。在前期的研究基础上，申请人提出了一种双组分快速反应固化式无溶剂电纺技术。本项目将深入研究这种A/B双组分快速反应固化式无溶剂电纺技术的纤维固化机理（反应固化）、电纺的可行性（纺丝条件、A/B组分的配比、反应速度等）、电纺纤维形貌结构的可控性（滚筒、图案化模板收集）等，同时探索其形貌结构对纤维膜性质的影响。

近年来，静电纺丝技术及其制备的电纺纤维在过滤、生物医疗、能源等方面展现出极大的应用前景。目前，常用的电纺技术是溶液电纺，其固化机理为溶剂挥发固化。但溶液电纺溶剂挥发一般占比在80%以上，造成浪费的同时又污染环境。而已报道的无溶剂静电纺丝技术如熔体、紫外光固化、热固化电纺等，所需的设备更加复杂（需额外的加热、紫外光灯等设备），纤维的固化速度慢。本项目研究了一种双组分快速反应固化式无溶剂电纺技术-具体包括并列式以及共轭式A/B双组分无溶剂电纺技术，研究发现该电纺技术纤维的固化机理为反应固化，即A/B双组分在电纺过程中经过并列式针管挤出后在反应管中混合或正负共轭电纺携带异种电荷从而互相吸引混合，进而发生聚合反应固化形成纤维。研究结果表明，该技术对于双组分的成分有一定要求，通常需要两种单体，能够发生聚合反应才能实现这种反应固化。在此过程中，超过90%的单体溶液参与反应，固化形成纤维，溶液的利用率高。这些结果对于特定微纳米纤维的大规模绿色制备具有理论指导意义。