无人机载双频段极化SAR黄河冰凌监测模型与方法研究

The Yellow River ice flood disasters are serious threat to the coastal people's lives and property and various hydroelectric dam along the Yellow River. "The ice flood monitoring is eyes and ears of the ice prevention, an accurate and comprehensive ice flood monitoring can provide reliable basis for scientific prediction and decision." It will play an irreplaceable role in water resources protection, safety of life and property, and hazard management. Considering the special problems of the Yellow River, such as "its limited water and multiplied sediment in an unharmonious relationship", this project is to obtain space-time dynamic distributing information of the Yellow River ice flood with large area, high precision and all-time and all-weather capacity, and focuses on the models and methods for ice flood monitoring of Yellow River through UAV-borne dual-band and polarization SAR, which is based on the existing research at home and abroad. The project is to analyze the characteristics of microwave scattering models of Yellow River ice flood, establishes the empirical or semi-empirical scattering model for ice thickness inversion with dual-band and polarization SAR. Besides, this project studies dual-band and polarization SAR ice thickness inversion algorithms based on methods of classification and models, reference to the idea of sea ice classification and thickness inversion. All the proposed models and methods will be verified by various experiments, including microwave anechoic chamber, hydrometric station, on-site measurement, remote sensing satellite and airborne SAR. This project will promote the application of UAV dual-band and polarization SAR on ice flood monitoring of Yellow River.

黄河冰凌灾害严重威胁黄河流域沿岸人民的生命财产和各种水电大坝等水利基础设施，“冰凌观测是防凌的耳目，准确全面的冰凌观测为科学防凌提供可靠依据”，在科学预测冰情发展趋势，保护水资源、人类生命财产安全方面将起到不可替代的作用。本项目在国内外现有研究基础上，以大范围、全天时、全天候、高精度获取黄河冰凌时空动态的分布信息为目标，重点针对黄河“水少沙多”的特殊性，开展无人机载双频段极化SAR黄河冰凌监测技术研究，研究黄河冰凌微波散射特性和模型，建立双频段极化SAR河冰厚度反演的经验/半经验散射模型；借鉴海冰分类与厚度反演思路，发展双频段极化SAR河冰分类方法，研究基于分类和模型的双频段极化SAR河冰厚度反演算法；并通过微波暗室、水文观测站、现场测量、遥感卫星和机载SAR数据获取等多种实验手段和观测方式开展模型与方法验证。为推动无人机载双频段极化SAR技术在黄河冰凌监测业务中应用提供模型与方法支持。

黄河冰凌灾害严重威胁黄河流域沿岸人民的生命财产和各种水电大坝等水利基础设施，“冰凌观测是防凌的耳目，准确全面的冰凌观测为科学防凌提供可靠依据”，在科学预测冰情发展趋势，保护水资源、人类生命财产安全方面将起到不可替代的作用。.本项目在国内外现有研究基础上，重点针对黄河“水少沙多”的特殊性，开展无人机载双频段极化SAR黄河冰凌监测技术研究。（1）根据电磁波趋肤效应，综合开展了黄河冰凌微波散射特性分析，分析不同频段对黄河冰凌的穿透深度影响，建立考虑频率、气泡和泥沙对微波散射特性影响的冰凌散射模型；（2）提出了黄河冰凌投票表决监督分类方法，以及结合特征选择与大尺度聚类的黄河冰凌极化SAR非监督分类方法；（3）提出了基于专家知识的极化SAR河冰厚度反演方法和基于多分类多参数匹配拟合的黄河冰凌厚度反演方法，并通过SAR星地联合实验，验证了分类与厚度反演算法的精度；（4）发展了面向冰凌监测模型与数据获取的SAR成像机制、处理方法等，发展了机载/星载SAR成像新模式，提出了三维距离堆积成像处理算法等多种高精度处理方法。.项目批复以来，共计申报发明专利11项，软件著作权2项；发表学术论文21篇，其中期刊论文SCI收录7篇；培养硕士研究生4名；荣获2018年内蒙古自治区自然科学奖一等奖、IET2018 国际雷达会议优秀论文奖、2019年ICSIDP优秀论文奖和2020年第七届国家高分对地观测学术年会优秀论文奖等多项学术奖励。完成了项目的各项研究内容，为黄河冰凌冰情预报提供新的思路和手段，探索性推动SAR技术在河冰冰凌监测中的应用。