永磁自旋式新型机械变磁通永磁电机设计与调磁机理研究

Using mechanical device is one of the effective means to regulate the magnetic field of electrical machines, which becomes an important research direction in the application domain of constant-voltage generation and adjustable-speed drive motor. By introducing the conception of field control with mechanical device into permanent magnet(PM) electrical machine, a new type of PM electrical machine with mechanical device is proposed based on self-rotating PMs. Not only can it overcome the irreversible flux regulation of PM electrical machines by staggering stators or rotors, but also PM electrical machines with mechanical device have many advantages such as simple structure, stable running, higher toque density and good ability of field control. This project aims to explore some novel topologies of the PM motor suitable to rotating PMs with mechanical device. The operation principle of field control are investigated deeply and the mechanical devices are designed based on eccentric movement with some advantages, such as reliable and simple structure, the reversible field control ability. The usual method of electromagnetic parameters calculation, optimization design, mathematical model deduction and magnetic-thermal coupling simulation of the machine is established. An internal coordination rule between motor and mechanical device is studied, and the mechanical dynamics simulation is developed. In addition, a prototype machine is manufactured and the corresponding experimental system plat is built, and the static parameter, dynamic performance and field control effect are tested. All these works lay the theoretical and technical foundations for this type of machine applying in some areas, such as constant-voltage generation and electric vehicle drive and so on.

利用机械装置调磁是实现永磁电机内部磁场有效调节的手段之一，已成为恒压发电及宽范围变速驱动电机领域的重要研究方向。本申请项目将机械调磁理念引入永磁电机中，提出一类永磁自旋式新型机械变磁通永磁电机。该类电机在克服现有定/转子错开式机械调磁电机调磁可逆性较差的同时，将具有结构简单、运行可靠、转矩密度高及磁场调节能力好等诸多优点。本项目旨在探求适合于永磁体旋转的新型机械调磁电机拓扑结构，深入研究此类新型电机的工作原理和磁场调节机理；分析设计基于离心直线运动且结构简单、运行可靠和拥有双向磁场调节能力的的机械调磁装置；建立该类电机电磁参数计算、优化设计、数学模型推导和磁热耦合仿真分析的一般方法；研究电机本体与机械调磁装置之间的协调控制规律，展开机械动力学仿真；加工制作原理样机，构建系统试验测试平台，获取电机静动态特性及磁场调节能力，为该类电机应用于稳压发电及电动汽车驱动等领域奠定理论和技术基础。

永磁自旋式机械变磁通永磁电机是将机械调磁理念引入永磁电机中而形成的一类新概念变磁通永磁电机，具有结构简单、运行可靠、转矩密度高及磁场调节能力好等诸多优点，在稳压发电及电动汽车驱动等领域具有较为广阔的应用前景。. 课题组围绕项目计划书的研究内容展开了较为全面深入的研究工作，取得了较好的研究成果。在综合分析漏磁式、转子调整式、离心式和永磁自旋式等机械变磁通永磁电机拓扑结构和工作原理基础上，将j基于离心运动的永磁自旋式机械变磁通永磁电机选定为本项目研究对象。据此，深入研究了该类新型电机的运行原理和磁场调节机理；通过建立三维有限元分析结构模型，精确计算了电磁参数，研究了主要结构参数变化对电机性能的影响规律，并进行了电机磁热耦合仿真分析。设计了基于离心直线运动并具有双向调磁能力的调磁装置，对电机开展了机械动力学仿真研究；获得了电机本体与调磁装置间的协调控制规律，形成了电机初始设计方案，试制了第一台样机，测试了电机的调磁特性等结果。在前期设计的永磁自旋式变磁通电机的基础上，设计了一种新型永磁自旋式电机拓扑结构，采用多目标优化方法对电机进行了优化设计；根据仿真分析结果，重新绘制电机图纸，试制了第二台样机，并进行了相绕组感应电动势和调磁能力等试验研究，展开了样机的综合评估。根据项目任务书，课题组精心安排研究成员，创造性地开展了工作，取得了较好的研究成果和人才培养工作。四年来，发表或录用直接相关科研论文共计15篇，含SCI收录5篇，EI收录5篇。其中在IET Electrical Power Applications，电工技术学报，电机与控制学报，Icems等国内外重要核心期刊和国际会议上发表或录用论文10篇。授权国家发明专利2件，加工样机2台。培养青年教师3名，硕士研究生5名，张志轩硕士论文《磁极旋转式机械变磁通永磁电机多物理场联合仿真》获江西省优秀硕士毕业论文。按照项目计划书的研究计划要点，本项目的研究内容均已完成，基本达到预期目标，后续研究工作仍将进行。