夏热冬暖地区住宅高反射涂料平屋顶房间热环境调控机理研究

In hot summer and warm winter zone with long summer and short winter, air temperature and humidity is relatively high and the solar radiation is strong all the year round. Roof as one of the most important building envelops of top-floor rooms is significantly influenced by solar radiation for a long time, which leads to a wide fluctuation in indoor air temperature. This problem in thermal environment of esidential top-floor rooms is particularly severe in summer. However, there are few researches at present time aiming at unsteady heat transfer performance of cool roof or studying the principle of using cool roof technology to regulate indoor thermal environment. Therefore, this work puts systematic efforts in guaranteeing approaches and control strategies in thermal environment of rooms covered by cooling roofs, by following a guideline of “thermal comfort demand – attenuation characteristics of high reflective coating – radiant heat gain calculation – transient heat transfer mechanism analysis -low-energy control method ”. This work aims at finding out the transient heat transfer mechanism of roofs , proposing data collection and low-energy control methodology to fulfil thermal comfort demand, and establishing theoretical and technical support for indoor thermal environment management of top-floor rooms in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone.

夏热冬暖地区夏季漫长，冬季很短，长年气温较高且湿度大，太阳辐射强。屋顶作为顶层房间的重要部件之一，接收太阳辐射时间长且量大，屋顶房间室温波动大，夏季屋顶房间室内热环境质量问题尤为突出。而现有研究针对高反射涂料平屋顶的非稳态传热特性和采用高反射涂料屋顶技术调控住宅屋顶房间热环境的机理不完善。为此，本项目以夏热冬暖地区高反射涂料平屋顶房间为对象，以高反射涂料平屋顶非稳态传热为主线，以综合提高室内热环境质量为目标，以“热舒适需求—高反射涂料衰减特性—屋顶辐射得热—非稳态传热机理—低能耗调控方法”的结构化分解为手段，系统研究住宅高反射涂料平屋顶房间热环境调控机理和方法。系统研究高反射涂料平屋顶非稳态传热机理，提出一套满足热舒适需求的低能耗调控方法，为提高夏热冬暖地区屋顶房间热环境和低能耗营造提供理论和技术支撑。

夏热冬暖地区地区大多数建筑屋顶由混凝土构成，形式多为水平式，结构普遍未采取合适的防热措施，屋顶房间夏季热舒适性差，仅能保证遮蔽风雨要求。而屋顶接收太阳辐射时间长且量大，是引起室温波动的主要原因之一，夏季屋顶房间室内热环境质量问题尤为突出。高反射涂料屋顶技术通过在屋顶表面喷涂高反射比及高红外发射率涂料，降低太阳辐射得热，从而在夏季可改善建筑屋顶房间热环境质量，降低建筑物表面和周围空气温度，改善城市微气候。而现有研究针对高反射涂料平屋顶的非稳态传热特性和采用高反射涂料屋顶技术调控住宅屋顶房间热环境的机理不完善。为此，本项目以夏热冬暖地区高反射涂料平屋顶房间为对象，包含以下四方面主要研究内容。首先，提出热舒适参数范围，提取人员行为特征和设备运行模式，建立夏热冬暖地区住宅建筑平屋顶房间热舒适需求模型。其次，结合现有模拟软件，根据热平衡方程、高反射涂料反射比自然衰减特性和平屋顶太阳辐射强度时空特征，建立面向夏热冬暖地区住宅建筑高反射涂料平屋顶的非稳态传热模型。最后，结合控制学理论，以满足人员热舒适需求和降低空调能耗为导向，基于住宅高反射涂料平屋顶房间非稳态传热模型、人员行为特征、设备运行模式及人员热舒适需求模型，提出一套满足人员热舒适需求的夏热冬暖地区住宅建筑高反射涂料平屋顶房间低能耗调控方法，为低能耗营造其建筑热环境提供理论和技术支撑。