隔震结构中设备的振动特性及隔震结构-设备组合系统的抗震可靠度研究

For critical facilities, seismic isolation is utilized with expectation of achieving higher performance and continuing functionality during and after the seismic event. These expensive and precise equipments located in the critical buildings may slide, slide-rock, or overturn, but in the traditional earthquake-resistant design approaches, the equipments are suggested to equivalent static loads and are neglected to seismic design. Since the seismic performance of equipments is even more important for buildings than structural components, the isolation hardware might not provide effective protection for equipments in earthquake. Thus，dynamic performance and seismic reliability of equipments need to be more clearly understood. Selecting widely used block type equipments, we will certain the interact forces between building and equipments in the horizontal earthquakes. A simplified dynamic model of isolated structure-equipment composition systems is proposed. The vibrations of equipments are also significantly influenced by these factors, such as the earthquake characters, the force-deformation behavior of isolated structures, the dynamic character of equipment and the model of connection between equipment and building, Based on the aforementioned work, the floor response spectra of isolated buildings are proposed and the seismic design method of equipments in the isolated buildings is offered. Dynamic response data obtained from shake table tests performed on full scale typical equipments and isolators are used to develop the limit value of seismic performance index. Considering the damage of structural components, isolators and equipments, the seismic reliability of isolated structure-equipment composition systems is evaluated.

对使用功能有较高需求的建筑，多采用隔震技术来提高抗震性能。通常这些建筑物内还放置有昂贵、精密的设备，设备的抗震性能决定了整个建筑的抗震性能，但目前的隔震设计忽略了设备的振动，未考虑设备的抗震安全性，因此不能完全保护设备安全、维持建筑功能。本项目对隔震结构中设备的振动特性和隔震结构-设备组合系统的抗震可靠度展开研究。选取使用范围较广的柜式设备，研究设备在单向水平地震作用下振动特性，并依据设备的振动特性建立合理的隔震结构-设备组合系统简化动力分析模型；考虑地震动特性、隔震结构与设备的动力特性、设备与结构的相互作用，建立隔震结构的楼面反应谱，给出隔震结构中设备基于楼面反应谱的水平地震作用计算方法；通过振动台实验和统计，给出隔震支座和设备的抗震性能指标限值，综合隔震支座、上部结构和设备的破坏情况，确定隔震结构-设备组合系统的失效模式，评定隔震结构-设备组合系统的抗震可靠度。

对于放置有设备的功能性隔震结构，目前的设计方法忽略了结构与设备的动力相互作用，仅满足隔震结构的抗震要求，不考虑设备的抗震性能，因此并不能完全保证设备安全、维持建筑功能。本项目选取使用范围较广的柜式设备，研究设备在单向水平地震作用下振动特性，将设备分为滑移和倾覆两种类型，给出设备滑移和倾覆时的最大滑移量和最大倾覆角的简化计算方式。考虑设备与隔震结构的相互作用，建立隔震结构-设备组合体系的楼面反应谱，给出基于隔震结构楼面设计反应谱的设备抗震设计方法。统计得到隔震支座破坏失效模式和隔震支座的抗震性能指标限值。对各类设备的抗震性能要求和指标进行总结。采用近似抗震可靠度计算方法，综合考虑隔震支座和结构构件的破坏情况，计算隔震结构在不同地震水准时的抗震可靠度。针对隔震结构-设备组合体系的减震设计，以设备和隔震结构同时满足抗震要求为目标函数，采用多种群遗传算法，对隔震结构-设备组合体系给出最优参数设计方法。提出一种隔震结构-设备组合体系的被动减震方法，在多个设备之间设置粘弹性阻尼器，并给出阻尼器的最优参数公式。