机场非合作低空小目标协同探测理论与技术研究

According to the characteristics of automatic target detection of NLST (Non-cooperative Low-altitude Small Target) in the airport environment and the requirements of collaborative intelligence, this project has a research on the detection mechanism of airport NLST and basic theory to defend the threat of NLST to the airport employing the detective method of radar and an optical system. The purpose is to establish the structure of the distributed NLST detection system based on radar and optical collaborative detection. Furthermore, it has a deep analysis on the scattering and clutter characteristics of NLST and put forward the radar target detection algorithm, radar and optical system information fusion detection algorithm and optical target detection algorithm based on image enhancement technology. It aims to make a breakthrough in key technologies such as the NLST detection mechanism, non-linear clutter modeling and clutter suppression of basic zero memory. It employs the NLST detection algorithm under complicated environment and intends to establish the experiment platform of radar and optical detection system. It also includes the verification of the proposed algorithms and technologies, thus lays a solid theoretical and technological foundation for the research of the automatic NLST detection system with independent intellectual property rights.

针对机场环境非合作低空小目标NLST(Non-cooperative Low-altitude Small Target)自动探测的特点和协同智能化的需求，本项目以雷达和光学系统为探测手段，研究机场非合作低空小目标探测机理和基础理论以防御对机场的威胁，构建基于雷达与光学协同探测的分布式目标探测系统体系结构，深入分析非合作低空小目标散射特性和杂波特性，提出雷达目标探测算法、基于图像增强的光学系统目标检测算法和雷达与光学系统信息融合检测算法，突破非合作低空小目标探测机理、基于零记忆非线性杂波建模与杂波抑制、复杂环境条件下非合作低空小目标探测算法的适应性等关键技术，并构建雷达和光学探测系统试验平台，对研究的算法和技术进行验证，为研制具有自主知识产权的非合作低空小目标自动探测系统奠定坚实的理论和技术基础。

针对非合作低空小目标探测自动监测的特点和协同探测智能化的需求，围绕Ku波段雷达、可见光和红外线传感器，研究了机场环境非合作低空小目标自动监测系统的探测机理和基础理论，深入分析了非合作低空小目标散射特性和杂波特性，提出了雷达目标探测算法、基于图像增强的光学系统目标检测算法、雷达与光学系统信息融合检测算法，突破了非合作低空小目标探测机理，主要研究工作包括以下四个方面：.（1）提出了雷达与光学系统协同探测的分布式系统体系结构，与纯光学探测或雷达为主光学为辅的探测方式、集中式或分布式的系统结构均有所不同，该框架既可降低系统的复杂性，又可提高系统的探测性能；.（2）提出了机场非合作低空小目标的雷达和光学系统信息融合算法，实现Ku波段雷达、可见光和红外线传感器的分布式协同探测和判别理论与技术；.（3）研究了杂波和非合作低空小目标散射特性，构建了基于零记忆非线性的雷达杂波建模与仿真，提出了基于极大时带积和检测前跟踪信号的雷达非合作低空小目标检测算法;.（4）提出了基于连续均值量化变换图像增强和卷积神经网络技术的光学系统非合作低空小目标检测算法，提高了光学系统的非合作低空小目标检测；.本项目突破了机场环境非合作低空小目标探测系统总体架构、雷达目标探测、光学系统目标探测和目标信息融合探测等关键技术，建立了基于感知融合目标探测方法，达到机场区域监测平衡与非合作低空小目标及早识别，为我国研发具有自主知识产权的机场非合作低空小目标探测自动监测系统奠定坚实的理论和技术基础。